tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-18488652648842935922012-01-24T07:04:02.225-08:00Fromtoenglishnoreply@blogger.comBlogger201100tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1848865264884293592.post-25445197871680259622012-01-24T07:04:00.001-08:002012-01-24T07:04:02.290-08:00<div class='posterous_autopost'>“… la traduzione mi è sembrata particolarmente lineare, davvero un <br />buon lavoro…. <br />Mi ritengo totalmente soddisfatto del lavoro e di questa traduzione <br />molto fluida. Ho molto apprezzato il documento Word con l'inserimento <br />di numerose note chiarificatrici…. <br />La ricontatterò prestissimo per un nuovo lavoro. Buona giornata! ….” P.C.</div><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1848865264884293592-2544519787168025962?l=traduzioneinglesesassari.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Fromtoenglishnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1848865264884293592.post-87882794240255027862012-01-15T03:56:00.001-08:002012-01-15T03:56:35.526-08:00<div class='posterous_autopost'>seeds populations wild grapevine natural dispersal collections <br />climatic conditions attack Plasmopara viticola Berk. et Curtis ex de <br />Bary bunches coenoses germ plasma dehydrated drying room 15% R.H. 15 <br />°C Crystal balance d = 0.1 mg moisture n 3,5% - 6,5% protocols <br />refrigerators +5°C initial moisture content (mc,% w.b.) fresh seeds <br />low temperature oven drying method 105 °C ISTA 2006 treatment stove <br />Hygropalm device AW-God Rotronic probe Activity Water Control <br />Pre-warming W, Pre-chilling C Pre-chilling + Pre-warming C+W <br />Petri capsules germination temperatures ventral face solidified <br />aqueous solution agar 1% <br /> semi popolazioni vite selvatica dispersione naturale raccolte <br />attacco Plasmopara viticola Berk. et Curtis ex de Bary giovani <br />grappoli acini cenosi prelievo germoplasma deidratati dry rom <br />condizioni standard umidità interna umidità iniziale forno a bassa <br />temperatura di essiccazione <br />soluzione acquosa solidificata agar.</div><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1848865264884293592-8788279424025502786?l=traduzioneinglesesassari.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Fromtoenglishnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1848865264884293592.post-58325450431002889032012-01-08T13:12:00.001-08:002012-01-08T13:12:27.026-08:00<div class='posterous_autopost'>uptake Ca2+ mitocondriale plasticità sinaptica dolore <br />aumento Ca2+ libero citosolico Ca2+c recettore NMDA plasticità <br />sinaptica midollo spinale vie di trasduzione del segnale cellulare <br />dolore persistente meccanismo mitocondri Ca2+ mitocondriale aumento <br />induzione iperalgesia comportamentale segnalazione cellulare a valle <br />potenziamento a lungo termine LTP spinale superossido mitocondriale <br />specie di ossigeno reattivo ROS plasticità sinaptica dolore cronico <br />regioni del cervello midollo spinale LTP spinale dolore persistente <br />ippocampali campo CA1 recettore NMDA NMDAR-dipendente neuroni corno <br />dorsale Ca2+ libero citosolico Ca2+c cascate di segnalazione <br />intracellulare omeostasi</div><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1848865264884293592-5832545043100288903?l=traduzioneinglesesassari.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Fromtoenglishnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1848865264884293592.post-25789462437185049862012-01-02T08:35:00.001-08:002012-01-02T08:35:02.353-08:00<div class='posterous_autopost'>Se per un preventivo gratuito avete necessità uno o più file di grosse <br />dimensioni potete farlo utilizzando questo servizio on-line, <br /><a href="https://www.wetransfer.com/">https://www.wetransfer.com/</a>, sul quale potete caricare il/i file.</div><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1848865264884293592-2578946243718504986?l=traduzioneinglesesassari.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Fromtoenglishnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1848865264884293592.post-38270933083826638232011-12-31T10:11:00.001-08:002011-12-31T10:11:28.724-08:00<div class='posterous_autopost'>Development/Plasticity/Repair <br />Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uptake Is Essential for Synaptic Plasticity in Pain <br />Hee Young Kim, Kwan Yeop Lee, Ying Lu, Jigong Wang, Lian Cui, Sang <br />Jeong Kim, Jin Mo Chung, and Kyungsoon Chung <br />12982 • The Journal of Neuroscience, September 7, 2011 • 31(36):12982–12991 <br />DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3093-11.2011</div><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1848865264884293592-3827093308382663823?l=traduzioneinglesesassari.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Fromtoenglishnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1848865264884293592.post-4239908631542236052011-12-14T12:38:00.001-08:002011-12-14T12:38:08.635-08:00<div class='posterous_autopost'>Fino alla fine di dicembre 2011, qualsiasi committente di testi <br />tradotti che mi segnalerà un'altra persona che ha necessità di <br />traduzioni e che acquisterà il servizio, avrà diretto ad uno sconto <br />del 10% sul costo della sua traduzione. Per avere maggiori dettagli, <br />mandare una e-mail.</div><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1848865264884293592-423990863154223605?l=traduzioneinglesesassari.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Fromtoenglishnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1848865264884293592.post-17813818175800358632011-12-11T13:32:00.001-08:002011-12-11T13:32:00.607-08:00<div class='posterous_autopost'>Servizio amichevole e premuroso.</div><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1848865264884293592-1781381817580035863?l=traduzioneinglesesassari.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Fromtoenglishnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1848865264884293592.post-5065701687963494072011-12-10T09:35:00.001-08:002011-12-10T09:35:43.467-08:00<div class='posterous_autopost'>“…si tutto bene.La traduzione era molto chiara, è stato semplice <br />imparare l'articolo..”. F.S. <br />“…Buongiorno, ottimo lavoro! Lei sta partecipando alla stesura della <br />mia tesi in farmacia.... <br />Le confermo la traduzione degli altri due capitoli che le ho <br />precedentemente inviato…” A.G. <br />“…salve, io la ringrazio davvero tanto per la sua precisione e <br />professionalità…” M.T.L.. <br />“…Sono venuta a conoscenza del suo servizio tramite internet e mi è <br />parso molto valido, perciò l'ho contattata.” A.C.</div><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1848865264884293592-506570168796349407?l=traduzioneinglesesassari.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Fromtoenglishnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1848865264884293592.post-36694510270232798072011-12-10T07:05:00.001-08:002011-12-10T07:05:04.843-08:00<div class='posterous_autopost'>Ho deciso dopo non breve riflessione, né facilmente, né di buon grado <br />di inserire questo breve post, ma la frequenza con la quale nascono <br />delle "discussioni" sulle tariffe delle traduzioni è salita in maniera <br />statisticamente significativa (uso non a caso questa terminologia, <br />visto che sono un traduttore tecnico-scientifico!). <br />Invito cordialmente i potenziali committenti a visitare questo sito <br /><a href="http://www.tariffometro.it/">www.tariffometro.it/</a>, che rappresenta un punto di riferimento per la <br />comunità dei traduttori italiani, di modo che si possa evitare per <br />quanto possibile il "[è] troppo caro". <br />"Troppo caro"???? <br />Rispetto a che? <br />Non ho trovato mai nessuno che mi abbia detto che la traduzione fosse <br />"poco cara"! :-) <br />Questo lo si vede solo in uno spot TV! <br />Per decidere, occorre conoscere. Ed una informazione può essere <br />valutata soltanto paragonandola ad un'altra informazione di grandezza <br />paragonabile.</div><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1848865264884293592-3669451027023279807?l=traduzioneinglesesassari.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Fromtoenglishnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1848865264884293592.post-2724739867555746172011-12-08T00:13:00.001-08:002011-12-08T00:13:30.421-08:00<div class='posterous_autopost'>Attendibilità intra-osservatore classificazione correlazione <br />trattamento busto Modello studio determinati pattern radiologici <br />nomenclatura SRS osservatore occasioni classificazione correlazione <br />modelli busto determinare attendibilità intra-osservatore nuova <br />classificazione valutate radiografie coronali pii pazienti IAS <br />classificare tipi toracici double major toracolombari double major <br />toraci divise sottotipi configurazione lombopelvica tipo lombare <br />pattern tipi indipendenti correlare risultati compito accordo r=0 p <br />Proprietà batteriostatiche biomatrici comuni  patogeni ortopici <br />innesti tessuto ingegnerizzato rigenerazione tessuti cellule mature <br />progenitrici seminate biomatrici forma sostegno sviluppo tessuto <br />biomateriali popolari usati chirurgia ortopica collagene tipo I acido <br />ialuronico  idrossiapatite acido polilattico-co-glicolico PLGA <br />biomatrici proprietà batteriostatiche sopravvivenza innesto tessuto <br />ingegnerizzato pazienti suscettibili infezione effetti batteriostatici <br /> biomateriali crescita patogeni batterici ortopici comuni <br />Staphylococcus Aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococco beta <br />emolitico Pseudomonas aeruginosa acido ialuronico effetti <br />batteriostatici patogeni inibendo crescita batterica mia p <br />idrossiapatite collagene  rispettivamente PLGA batteriostasi <br />significativo accelerato crescita Streptococco beta emolitico P <br />aeruginosa  trattamento pazienti ortopici perdita ossea trauma tumore <br />anomalia congenita secondari limitata capacità rigenerazione ossea <br />potenzialità complicazioni infezione Recenti progressi <br />ingegnerizzazione tissutale disposizione mezzi efficaci crescita <br />tessuto rigenerativo attuali tecniche   ingegnerizzazione tissutale <br />biomateriali tridimensionali studiati biomatrici   seminate cellule <br />mature progenitrici difetto matrici forma sviluppo tessuto <br />biomateriale caratteristiche biochimiche distribuzione cellula <br />biocompatibilità biodegradabilità promuovere impire sviluppo <br />fenotipico cellule target in vitro in vivo  biomateriali popolari <br />matrici applicazioni ortopiche collagene tipo I  acido ialuronico <br />idrossiapatite polimeri lineari  acido  polilattico PLA acido <br />poliglicolico PGA copolimeri PLGA materiali proprietà mutevoli <br />forza meccanica  biocompatibilità pattern degradazione idrossiapatite <br /> materiale ceramico fosfato di calcio comunemente riparazione ossea <br />impalcatura superficie rivestimento protesi   proprietà <br />osteoconduttive tempo degradazione biomateriali popolarità <br />derivata capacità promuovere crescita ossea induce reazione <br />immunologica granulomatosa fibrosa impianto trapianto materiali <br />rivestimento popolari polimeri collagene  biomateriale derivazione <br />tissutale Il collagene tipo I costituente ossa pelle tendini scelta <br />popolare rivestimento ingegnerizzazione tissutale espansore innesto <br />osseo   proprietà osteoconduttive rivestimento adatto  deposizione <br />minerale acido ialuronico costituente fondamentale matrice <br />extracellulare elemento centrale  cartilagine ialina componente <br />solubile  fluido articolazione normale capacità significativa <br />indurre formazione ossea biocompatibile  versatile causa capacità <br />formare  tipi variabili rivestimenti rapidamente crescente <br />popolarità materiale biomatrice PLGA classe copolimeri biodegradabili <br />formulare   proprietà meccaniche degradazione  necessità clinica <br />materiali scarsa capacità indurre formazione osso popolare causa <br />biocompatibilità storia efficacia  uso sicuro materiale sutura <br />versatilità facilità  costruzione rivestimento   problema materiali <br />PLGA  creano ambiente siliceo sito impianto induce risposta <br />infiammatoria consenso  materiale matrice ingegnerizzazione tissutale <br />siti impianto pazienti ortopedici suscettibile infezione causa <br />contaminazione perdita tessuto locale danno vascolarizzazione <br />vascolare problema significativo rappresentato riduzione <br />penetrazione antibiotici associazione riduzione vascolarizzazione <br />sangue  procedure chirurgiche rigenerative   cellule biocompatibili <br /> incorporano sostanze contaminazione batterica innesti tessuti <br />ingegnerizzati ferita circostante chirurgia ortopedica influenzare <br />negativamente formazione attaccamento nuovo tessuto connettivo tessuto <br />osseo cartilagine evidente trattamento chirurgico fratture aperte <br />probabilità contaminazione batterica aumenta marcatamente osso <br />esposto  ambiente riparazione fratture aperte area tecniche <br />ingegnerizzazione tissutale trauma comportare perdita ossea <br />distacco periostio tessuti molli ischemia  locale  infarto tessuto <br />danno vascolarizzazione combinata formazione ematoma promuovere <br />crescita batteri infezione introduzione tipo protesi mezzi <br />fissazione interna aumentare rischio infezione causa introduzione <br />materiale estraneo corpo prevenzione contenimento contaminazione <br />batterica sito ferita migliorano significativamente esito clinico <br />terapia ingegnerizzazione tissutale sviluppo biomatrice comporti <br />rivestimento efficace crescita cellulare tessuti ingegnerizzati <br />manifesti batteriostatici bio-materiale ideale  chirurgia <br />ortopedica migliorare significativamente sopravvivenza innesto esito <br />valutare potenziali effetti batteriostatici di   materiali <br />biomatrice usati di frequente  crescita patogeni batterici <br />ortopedici comuni patogeni Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus <br />epidermidis Streptococco -emolitico Pseudomonas  aeruginosa S aureus <br /> S epidermidis causa frequente infezioni legate protesi meta studio <br />determinare presenza effetto batteriostatico matrici batteri <br />selezionati momento esistenza proprietà antibatteriche provare <br />biomateriali superiore guarigione   ferita capacità rigenerativa <br />innesto  Preparazione materiale matrice materiali matrice usati <br />collagene   tipo I Helistat Integra Lifesciences Plainsboro New Jersey <br /> acido ialuronico Hyaff-11 Fidia Advanced Biopolymers Abano Terme <br />Italia idrossiapatite Collagraft Zimmer Warsaw Indiana  acido <br />polilattico-co-glicolico PLGA lactel85/15 polyDL DL-lactideco- - <br />glycolide Birmingm Polymers Birmingm Alabama collagene acido <br />ialuronico idrossiapatite preparazioni disponibili commercio matrice <br />PLGA 85% acido poliglicolico  15% acido polilattico 200-300m <br />dimensione poro polimeri disponibili commercio miscela PLGA <br />laboratorio matrice tessuto prodotto Collagraft miscela  perline <br />porose composte 60% idrossiapatite 40% fosfato tricalcico cartilagine <br />fibrillare bovina Helistat collagene  tendine profondo bovino fonti <br />collagene Tipo I  quantità commerciali stimato dimensione <br />clinicamente riparazione difetto profondità 5mm x 5mm x 2mm <br />strutture materiale matrice dimensioni pesati cinque campioni <br />materiale determinare peso materiale standardizzare campioni pesi <br />materiali matrice collagene mg acido ialuronico mg idrossiapatite  mg <br />PLGA mg Il collagene acido ialuronico  idrossiapatite sterili <br />fabbricante sterilizzati irradiazione matrici preparato PLGA <br />sterilizzate lavaggio iniziale etanolo 100% 30 min lavaggi consecutivi <br />30 min etanolo 70% matrici PLGA tre lavaggi 30 min soluzione sterile <br />salina tamponata fosfato  metodo sterilizzazione simile metodi <br />sterilizzazione  etanolo Controlli matrice brodo matrici sterili <br />risultati materiali  sterili  pozzetti singoli piastra coltura 24 <br />pozzetti preparazione materiale cappa pressione positiva prevenire <br />contaminazione materiale tre parti batterio controllo Ceppi batterici <br />studio batteri  S Aureus ATCC 29923 S epidermidis ATCC 12228 <br />Streptococco -emolitico ATCC 19615 P aeruginosa ATCC 27853 <br />organismi comuni organismi controllo laboratorio pattern noti <br />suscettibilità ceppi insoliti ceppi coltivati aerobicamente <br />37°_piastre agar sangue  BBL Mia from Becton-Dickinson Microbiology <br />Systems inoculo iniziale  15 x 108 organismi millilitro preparati <br />brodo Mueller-Hinton misurazioni densità ottica soluzioni  stock <br />solution specie batteri concentrazione 103 organismi millilitro <br />Set-up sperimentale esperimento triplice materiale matrice <br />combinazione batteri campione materiale inoculato 100l stock <br />solution batteri  Controlli batterici separati matrice controlli di <br />matrice brodo batteri simultaneamente campioni microlitri controllo <br />batterico piastrati piastre agar sangue verificare numero iniziale <br />batteri millilitro piastra agar sangue piastre 24 pozzetti  incubate <br />37°C condizioni aerobi CO2 5% esperimento Determinazione attività <br />batteriostatica effetto antimicrobico biomateriali determinato conta <br />  batteri vitali esposizione biomateriali 1 6 12 h raccolta campioni <br />colture sperimentali controlli ansa loop inoculare piastre agar <br />sangue procedura inoculazione totale prelevare prelievo campione <br />pozzetti campione ansa sterile ridurre minimo effetto prato batterio <br /> campioni materiale piastre incubato 24 h conta colonia P aeruginosa <br /> accurata colonia 12h crescita piastre capacità unità CFU Colony <br />Forming Units numero CFU convertito numero organismi millilitro <br />proprietà batteriostatiche confronto crescita ciascun campione <br />conteneva materiale di matrice batteri controlli batteri termine <br />Batteriostatico definito   inibizione crescita batterica condizione <br />sperimentale Analisi statistica misurazioni condizione sperimentale <br />controllo valore esito  stime curve crescita analisi statistica <br />analisi regressione curve crescita tipo batterico combinazione <br />trattamento matrice regressione possibilità termine lineare <br />quadratico condizione sperimentale batterio trattamenti intercetta <br />equazioni regressione fit modello stato determinato mezzo esame <br />grafico valori osservati previsti tipo trattamento calcolata <br />correlazione P aeruginosa analisi momento valori avevano capacità <br />accurata CFU batteri analisi 12 soppressione percentuale  crescita <br />determinata  area sotto curve crescita condizione confronto controlli <br />batterici termine analisi tasso crescita misura area sotto curva <br />crescita termine crescita strumento valutare calcolato tasso <br />soppressione   batteri analisi usata ponderazione singoli ceppi <br />batteri t test confronto batterio controllo condizioni sperimentali <br />significanza statistica definita determinata p controllo esposti matrice curve crescita normali P aeruginosa tasso <br />di crescita veloce tempo raddoppio circa min S epidermidis crescita <br />lenta tempo raddoppio studio contaminazione incrociata batteri <br />culture batteri vitali periodo esaminato fine analisi controlli sola <br />matrice batteri rimasti crescita batterica studio materiali sterili <br />inizio esperimento  valutazione crescita batterica presenza <br />materiali matrice   spiegato illustrato materiali effetti diversi <br />crescita prime 12 h esposizione materiali matrice effetto puramente <br />battericida ceppi batterici studiati crescita S aureus  S epidermidis <br />e Streptococco -emolitico coltura gradi diversi differenti <br />materiali matrice effetto batteriostatico soppressione P aeruginosa <br />osservata ora tempi crescita batteri superato capacità distinguere <br />effetto materiali crescita conta batteri dodici ore S aureus S <br />epidermidis Streptococco -emolitico conta batterica 6 ore colture P <br />aeruginosa cresciute materiali matrice mostrato Tabelle <br />rispettivamente curve crescita ciascun  batterio diverse condizioni <br />sperimentali   mostrate  matrici collagene tipo I mostrato proprietà <br />batteriostatiche contro  S epidermidis Streptococco  -emolitico <br />rispettivamente crescita S aureus influenzata aggiunta matrice <br />collagene  coltura collagene  accelerato crescita P aeruginosa <br />raggiunta significanza statistica collagene tipo  I soppresso <br />crescita tipi batteri % ± p = acido ialuronico mostrato proprietà <br />batteriostatiche significative  organismi studiati acido ialuronico <br />effetto batteriostatico statisticamente significativo ceppi batterici <br />eccezione P aeruginosa mostrato trend soppressione P aeruginosa <br />acido ialuronico inibito crescita batteri % ± p = 0005 <br />idrossiapatite mostrato proprietà batteriostatiche statisticamente <br />significative contro S epidermidis 12 h  contro P aeruginosa   6 h <br />trend soppressione osservato Streptococco -emolitico differenza <br />statisticamente significativa presenza idrossiapatite impatto <br />significativo crescita S aureus  idrossiapatite inibito la crescita <br />batteri % ± p = PLGA mostrato effetto batteriostatico minimo <br />sopprimendo significativamente solamente crescita S epidermidis <br />Streptococco -emolitico P aeruginosa significativamente accelerate <br />PLGA p = p = rispettivamente soppressione batteri PLGA % ± p = <br />biomatrici componente essenziale innesti tessuto ingegnerizzato <br />momento forma struttura  sostegno cellule seminate matrici siti <br />impianto pazienti ortopedici suscettibili infezione contaminazione <br />perdita tessuto ischemia locale danno vascolarizzazione integrità <br />impianto batteri esaminati studio costituiscono % patogeni infezioni <br />fratture aperte biomatrice capacità sopprimere inibire crescita <br />patogeni migliorare  significativa esiti clinici  Curve crescita <br />controlli controlli batteri curve crescita normali P aeruginosa <br />tasso crescita rapido batteri esaminati S epidermidis   Y = numero <br />di batteri/mL X = ore coltura Risultati Staphylococcus aureus ore <br />Condizione matrice  Numero previsto batteri/ml  % di soppressione <br />basata  curva di crescita p Controllo  Collagene significativo <br />Idrossiapatite significativo PLGA Acido ialuronico     Risultati <br />Staphylococcus epidermidis ore  Condizione matrice  Numero previsto <br />batteri/ml  % di soppressione basata  curva di crescita  p</div><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1848865264884293592-272473986755574617?l=traduzioneinglesesassari.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Fromtoenglishnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1848865264884293592.post-73299998206652952692011-12-07T23:50:00.001-08:002011-12-07T23:50:15.381-08:00<div class='posterous_autopost'>Keywords accident emergency burnout emergency c nursing stress <br />Burnout nursing staff accident emergency acute medicine comparative <br />study Journal of Clinical Nursing Emergency Nursing study identify <br />prevalence of burnout nurses working Accident Emergency A & E acute <br />medicine establish factors contribute stress burnout determine <br />experiences nurses affected highlight effects patient c determine <br />stress burnout effects individuals outside clinical setting <br />triangulated research design used incorporating quantitative <br />qualitative methods Maslach burnout Inventory used Nurses working <br />acute medicine experienced levels emotional exhaustion A & E <br />counterparts level depersonalization low High levels personal <br />accomplishment experienced Junior members staff Stress burnout <br />reaching effects nurses clinical practice personal lives nurses work <br />current environment issues being tackled burnout result science <br />nursing painful recognition existence stress burnout first steps <br />prevention Nursing staff working as Accident Emergency A & E acute <br />medicine spend considerable time during working day intense <br />interactions people nature A & E department physically demanding <br />nurses continually faced heavy demands pity sympathy compassion <br />Malach-Pines 2000 service nurses work cost-conscious ethos <br />practitioners meeting expectations Maslach et al 1996 persons work <br />people under circumstances chronic stress emotionally draining <br />burnout Professional issues clinical nursing Research focus <br />investigating prevalence burnout medical staff UK Farrington 1999 <br />main reasons why nurses National Health Service NHS prevent increasing <br />levels stress burnout burnout nursing staff hard evidence extent <br />Walsh 1998 study various aspects burnout nurses A & E department <br />acute medical ward NHS Trust term burnout used nursing literature <br />synonymously stress literature suggest term stress used everyday <br />language process coping daily rigours life present Thompson 1994 <br />stress demand physical mental energy stress related physiological <br />problems definition stress harmful pressures excessive Stress first <br />stage chronic process specific interventions implemented individual <br /> experience burnout Freudenberger 1994 coined term burnout observing <br />fatigue frustrations caused excessive resources staff working US <br />Duquette et al 1997 suggested manifestations burnout related work <br />stress sustained time reported individuals exhibit psychological <br />psycho-physiologicnl behavioural symptoms burnout described <br />hnemorrhaging depletion energy personal resources end leaving <br />individuals help negative Farringtun 1999- burnout manifest <br />professionals aspects caring Severinnson Kamaker 1999 Hannigan et aL <br />2000 nurses view burnout occupational hazard Benner Wrubel 1984 <br />indicated experienced burnout nursing series alienated clinical <br />colleagues nursing series technical tasks caring active sense Client <br />core people work Bakker et al 1996 clients bring problems caregivers <br />problems generate tensions caregiver resolve problems insufficient <br />training shortage personnel lack support colleagues establishment <br />Vincent Billings 1988 burnout related poor management Boyle 1991 <br />good networks staff helped reduce burnout MeGrath et al 1985 nurses <br />experienced burnout reduced sense personal accomplishment sense <br />failure cannot work Hudak Gallo 1994 burnout critical nurses leave <br />function women experience burnout male counterparts emotionally <br />involved Almberg et a/ 1997 Pitman Wlow 2000 men minting deeper <br />levels caring commitment female counterparts females working day <br />replicate significant experiences childhood dreams expectations <br />family members Almberg etal 1997 individuals profession high <br />expectations caring professions personality type open effects <br />stress burnout Koivulu Paimoncn 2000 notion burnout originate <br />nursing work characteristics worker environment burnout documented <br />nursing disciplines detrimental effects demonstrated effects <br />absence work being tears outbursts individuals high expectations <br />face hurdles quality nursing conflict symptoms manifest individuals <br />unable cope Nurse education university-based students encouraged <br />knowledgeable practical proactive questioning doers Personality types <br />individual susceptible Dedicated Type individual committed <br />personality work Over committed Persons tend personality <br />unsatisfactory life outside work Authoritarian type individual <br />personality control job strive implement current evidence <br />practitioners enhance quality patient clinical setting staff <br />shortages implementation difficult Students climate unable fashion <br />encouraged resulting patients skills individuals worked Loss control <br />closely linked burnout Schmitz et al 2000 individuals resolve <br />inherent difficulties daily work loss control Dolan 1998 lack control <br />central component experienced burnout nurses control events lives <br />vulnerable stress burnout nurses personal control social skills <br />training increase problem solving practical skills Spence 1994 <br />increase autonomy clinical individuals exert control Individuals <br />working verbal physical aggression prevalent likely experience <br />effects burnout Coflby 1999- Walsh 1998 A & E fitted requirements <br />relation prevalence verbal physical aggression Individuals working <br />ability personal quality crucial therapeutic relationships Nursing <br />traditionally female dominated profession Howard 1999 inherent <br />pitfalls female organizations violence Whitehom 1097 A & E argued <br />violence insidious pervasive environmental stressors police risk <br />actual violence person American study Whitehgrn 1997 nurses <br />experienced verbal abuse experienced attempts physical harm victims <br />physical attacks Effects burnout degree dysfunction exhaustion Tavarcs <br />1994 Nurses varying symptoms reduced self-esteem lack confidence poor <br />job satisfaction inability relax enjoy inability things perspective <br />balanced judgements burnout disease commitment Cherniss 1980 <br />constant desire achieve behavioural terms Maslach 1982 nursing lacking <br />concern detached impersonal dehumanizing Tavs 1994 innocent victims <br />negative factors control secret contributors egocentric attitudes <br />Melchoir et at 1996 lack support central nurses burnout increased <br />absenteeism reduction productivity Lack support backup Dolan 1998 <br />significant factors staffing problems Edwards et al 2000 social <br />interpersonal implications symptoms contagious colleagues <br />Relationships individuals irritable short-tempered coping strategies <br />combat Millar Burnard 1994 nursing profession stresses leading <br />personal responsibility nurses attention adjusting working <br />environment limited attention stress management workplace Koivula <br />Paunoncn 2000 managers underestimate risks involved require <br />knowledge development phenomena insight lasting effects return <br />hospital style matrons local issues nursing colleagues Stordeur et <br />al 2001 appropriate NHS innovation implemented top down approach <br />approach increase prevalence burnout nurses managers continue exert <br />control Stordeur et al 2001 nurses anger managers fear retaliation <br />redirect anger peers managerial positions recognize suffering <br />employees difficulty admitting error plans working Schmitz et al <br />2000 Green 1996 denial problem resulting managers workforce Smoking <br />Crying Increased alcohol Walsh 1998 amount evidence prevalence <br />effects contributing factors determining effects individuals <br />clinical netting qualitative research triangulated research design <br />quantitative qualitative methods used Polit Hungler 1993 multiple <br />methods data collection interpretation phenomena accurate <br />representation Focus group Parahoo 1998 data analysis Non-parametric <br />tests strength relationships target population age gender clinical <br />grade comparison clinical settings Maslach burnout inventory Maslach <br />et al 1996 focuses work individuals statement 22-point questionnaire <br />tool piloted tested reliability validity consistency widely tested <br />using Cronbach coefficient alpha Hannigan et aL 2000 tool assess <br />three aspects burnout syndrome emotional exhaustion depersonalization <br />personal accomplishment 22-point questionnaire three subscales high <br />sores emotional exhaustion depersonalization risk burnout low <br />scores subscales Personal experiences under-represented available <br />literature open-ended question respondents identify response rate <br />clinical settings daily work Content analysis work pressures <br />management medical staff Emotional exhaustion emotionally overextended <br /> exhausted increased prevalence working acute medicine experience <br />higher levels exhaustion Statistical analysis Mann-Whitney Test <br />revealed working acute medicine experienced fatigue P = 0039 <br />experienced medium levels emotional exhaustion high levels <br />exhaustion counterparts Statistical analysis emotional exhaustion <br />rank P-value relaxed atmosphere Acute high levels exhaustion years <br />of experience observation emotional exhaustion subscales correlation <br />between years experience clinical grade relation levels emotional <br />exhaustion No significance P = univariate analysis of variance <br />Individual items pertaining subscale yielding responses occurring <br />Depersonalization subscale measures Analysis highlighted No <br />statistical significance between burnout Hayter 1999 Personal <br />accomplishment subscale sampled clinical settings Statistical analysis <br />Kruskal-Wallis test revealed Focus group interviews relax reflection <br />roam building Relationship partners siblings total response rate <br />acute medical ward interpreting findings sample sizes important <br />indicator highlighting issues study Emotional exhaustion result <br />nurses working acute medicine experience lower response rate already <br />experiencing demanding working environment time during working day <br />Staff shortages figured prominently layout clinical valuable time <br />resources equipment increasingly used fill gaps roster Skill mix <br />weekends holidays night shift identified major issues Junior nurses <br />wards prevalent between grades stress burnout prevalent Chapman <br />1997 clinically active Cost-effectiveness DHSSPS 2002 stress <br />burnout coupled increase workload staff perceived patients increasing <br />expectation what service aggression physical verbal ward setting <br />staff workload meal breaks clinical setting managerial positions <br />Vincent & Billings 1988 increasing levels poor leadership management <br />styles literature indicates managers Green 1996 <br />emotional exhaustion group reflection Taylor 2000 existing practice <br />potential improvements change team building highlighted factor <br />contributing stress Wright 2000 morning workplace individuals Content <br />analysis heavily dependent support medical Senior House Officers <br />professional boundaries Length shifts reported mentally draining <br />Shift patterns rotation night duty individuals concentrate <br />Statistical analysis Nurses acute medicine source stress trolleys <br />dehumanizing embarrassing Goldberg et al 1996 unremitting stress <br />demonstrate negativity Walsh 1998 subscale researcher sampled <br />experienced low levels extreme pressures NHS individualized Hudak & <br />Gallo 1994 denial of self devalued depersonalized unrecognized Bailey <br />1988 burnout clinical skills pathway Facilities families <br />interactions Admission hospital crisis patient family Viney 1996 <br />interactions anxiety increased reassurance better co-operation <br />improved rapport mutual understanding Quinn 1996 health assistants <br />provide paperwork Statistical analysis nurses working A & E likely <br />create relaxed atmosphere acute medicine related higher prevalence <br />emotional exhaustion nurses working acute medicine analysis revealed <br />clinical practice create relaxed atmosphere findings accomplishment <br />decreases support view studies contributing level accomplishment <br />experienced clinical staff Hayter 1999 interpretation study <br />highlighted stress clinical individuals personal lives Coping <br />mechanisms smoking alcohol consumption help nurses busy shift <br />Ceslowitz 1989 palliative coping mechanisms fundamental problems <br />untouched Heyworth 1993 argued greater support networks interpersonal <br />relationships teamwork healthy methods of raising morale lowering <br />stress Personal relationship problems highlighted attributed long <br />working hours changes shifts short notice irritable had difficulty <br />relaxing directing outbursts loved research little attention current <br />research sample small numbers findings generalized consent forms <br />Purahoo 1998 multiple comparisons parametric testing non-parametric <br />statistical procedures used study enhanced validity reliability <br />likelihood bias gender levels burnout Hayter 1999 link sample <br />sizes Stress burnout clinical practice outside clinical acute <br />medicine exhausted counterparts A & ET Individuals holistic <br />individualized end result perception patients perspective future <br />research Urgent attention support required tackle identified issues <br />occupational hazard permanent damage science nursing prevention</div><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1848865264884293592-7329999820665295269?l=traduzioneinglesesassari.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Fromtoenglishnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1848865264884293592.post-30640344763578919142011-12-07T23:48:00.001-08:002011-12-07T23:48:48.236-08:00<div class='posterous_autopost'>Proprietà batteriostatiche biomatrici comuni patogeni ortopedici <br />Innesti tessuto ingegnerizzato rigenerazione tessuti cellule mature <br />cellule progenitrici seminate biomatrici ma sostegno sviluppo tessuto <br />biomateriali popolari chirurgia ortopedica collagene tipo I acido <br />ialuronico idrossiapatite acido polilattico-co-glicolico PLGA <br />biomatrici proprietà batteriostatiche utili promuovere sopravvivenza <br />innesto tessuto ingegnerizzato pazienti suscettibili infezione effetti <br />batteriostatici biomateriali crescita patogeni batterici ortopedici <br />comuni Staphylococcus Aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococco <br />beta emolitico Pseudomonas aeruginosa acido ialuronico maggiori <br />effetti batteriostatici patogeni crescita batterica in media % p = <br />idrossiapatite collagene rispettivamente PLGA batteriostasi bassa <br />inibizione media non significativo crescita Streptococco beta <br />emolitico e P aeruginosa trattamento pazienti ortopedici perdita <br />ossea trauma tumore anomalia congenita limitata capacità <br />rigenerazione ossea potenzialità complicazioni infezione progressi <br />ingegnerizzazione tissutale mezzi efficaci crescita tessuto <br />rigenerativo tecniche ingegnerizzazione tissutale biomateriali <br />tridimensionali biomatrici seminate cellule mature progenitrici <br />difetto biomateriale idoneo caratteristiche biochimiche distribuzione <br /> cellula biocompatibilità biodegradabilità impedire sviluppo <br />fenotipico cellule target in vitro in vivo biomateriali popolari <br />matrici applicazioni ortopediche collagene di tipo I acido ialuronico <br />idrossiapatite polimeri lineari acido polilattico PLA acido <br />poliglicolico PGA copolimeri PLGA materiali proprietà mutevoli za <br />meccanica biocompatibilità pattern degradazione idrossiapatite <br />materiale ceramico fosfato calcio riparazione ossea impalcatura <br />superficie rivestimento protesi proprietà osteoconduttive tempo <br />degradazione biomateriali popolarità capacità promuovere crescita <br />ossea reazione immunologica granulomatosa fibrosa impianto trapianto <br />materiali rivestimento popolari polimeri collagene biomateriale <br />derivazione tissutale collagene tipo I costituente ossa pelle <br />tendini rivestimento ingegnerizzazione tissutale collagene espansore <br />innesto osseo proprietà osteoconduttive rivestimento deposizione <br />minerale acido ialuronico costituente fondamentale matrice <br />extracellulare cartilagine ialina componente solubile fluido <br />articolazione normale capacità significativa indurre mazione ossea <br />biocompatibile versatile tipi variabili rivestimenti crescente <br />popolarità materiale biomatrice PLGA classe copolimeri biodegradabili <br />proprietà meccaniche degradazione necessità clinica materiali <br />scarsa capacità indurre mazione osso biocompatibilità materiale <br />sutura versatilità costruzione rivestimento materiali PLGA ambiente <br />siliceo sito impianto induce risposta infiammatoria materiale matrice <br />ingegnerizzazione tissutale siti impianto pazienti ortopedici <br />infezione contaminazione perdita tessuto ischemia locale danno <br />vascolarizzazione vascolare significativo riduzione penetrazione <br />antibiotici associazione riduzione vascolarizzazione sangue studi <br />procedure chirurgiche rigenerative cellule biocompatibili incorporano <br />sostanze contaminazione batterica innesti tessuti ingegnerizzati <br />ferita circostante chirurgia ortopedica negativamente mazione <br />attaccamento tessuto connettivo tessuto osseo cartilagine <br />trattamento chirurgico fratture aperte probabilità contaminazione <br />batterica ambiente riparazione fratture aperte tecniche <br />ingegnerizzazione tissutale trauma perdita ossea distacco periostio <br />tessuti molli ischemia locale ischemia locale con infarto tessuto <br />danno vascolarizzazione combinata mazione ematoma crescita batteri <br />introduzione protesi mezzi di fissazione interna rischio infezione <br />introduzione materiale estraneo corpo prevenzione contenimento <br />contaminazione batterica sito ferita significativamente esito clinico <br /> terapia ingegnerizzazione tissutale sviluppo biomatrice <br />rivestimento efficace crescita cellulare tessuti ingegnerizzati <br />batteriostatiche bio-materiale ideale chirurgia ortopedica <br />significativamente sopravvivenza innesto esito valutare potenziali <br />effetti batteriostatici materiali biomatrice crescita patogeni <br />batterici ortopedici comuni patogeni Staphylococcus aureus <br />Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococco b-emolitico Pseudomonas <br />aeruginosa S aureus S epidermidis causa frequente infezioni protesi <br />effetto batteriostatico matrici batteri selezionati esistenza <br />proprietà antibatteriche biomateriali superiore guarigione ferita <br />capacità rigenerativa innesto Materiali metodi Preparazione <br />materiale matrice materiali matrice collagene tipo I Helistat <br />Integra Lifesciences Plainsboro New Jersey acido ialuronico Hyaff-11 <br />Fidia Advanced Biopolymers Abano Terme Italia idrossiapatite <br />Collagraft Zimmer Warsaw Indiana acido polilattico-co-glicolico PLGA <br />lactel85/15 polyDL DL-lactideco- - glycolide Birmingham Polymers <br />Birmingham Alabama collagene acido ialuronico idrossiapatite <br />preparazioni disponibili commercio matrice PLGA 85% acido <br />poliglicolico 15% acido polilattico 200-300mm dimensione poro <br />polimeri disponibili in commercio miscela PLGA laboratorio matrice <br />tessuto Collagraft miscela perline porose composte 60% idrossiapatite <br />40% fosfato tricalcico cartilagine fibrillare bovina Helistat <br />collagene tendine profondo bovino fonti collagene tipo I ottenuto <br />dimensione clinicamente riparazione difetto profondità mm x mm x mm <br />strutture materiale matrice dimensioni cinque campioni materiale peso <br />medio materiale stardizzare campioni pesi materiali matrice <br />collagene mg acido ialuronico mg idrossiapatite mg PLGA mg collagene <br />acido ialuronico idrossiapatite sterili fabbricante <br />sterilizzati irradiazione g matrici preparato PLGA sterilizzate <br />lavaggio iniziale etanolo 100% 30 min lavaggi consecutivi 30 min <br />etanolo 70% matrici PLGA soluzione sterile salina tamponata con <br />fosfato metodo sterilizzazione etanolo lli matrice brodo <br />matrici sterili risultati materiali sterili pozzetti singoli <br />piastra coltura 24 pozzetti materiale cappa pressione positiva <br />prevenire contaminazione materiale llo Ceppi batterici batteri S <br />Aureus ATCC 29923 S epidermidis ATCC 12228 Streptococco b-emolitico <br />ATCC 19615 P aeruginosa ATCC 27853 organismi pattern suscettibilità <br />ceppi insoliti ceppi coltivati aerobicamente 37°_su piastre agar <br />sangue BBL Media Becton-Dickinson Microbiology Systems inoculo <br />iniziale 15 x 108 organismi millilitro preparati brodo <br />Mueller-Hinton misurazioni densità ottica soluzioni stock <br />solution batteri concentrazione 103 organismi millilitro Set-up <br />sperimentale esperimento triplice materiale matrice combinazione <br />batteri campione materiale inoculato 100ml stock solution <br />batteriche lli batterici separati matrice lli matrice brodo <br />batteri campioni microlitri llo batterico piastrati piastre agar <br />sangue numero iniziale batteri millilitro piastra agar sangue piastre <br /> 24 pozzetti incubate 37°C condizioni aerobiche CO2 5% corso <br />esperimento Determinazione attività batteriostatica effetto <br />antimicrobico biomateriali determinato conta batteri vitali <br />esposizione biomateriali 16 12 h raccolta campioni colture <br />sperimentali lli ansa loop 1ml inoculare piastre agar sangue <br />procedura inoculazione totale 2ml prelievo campione pozzetti <br />campione ansa sterile minimo “effetto prato” batterio campioni <br />materiale piastre incubato 24 h conta colonia P aeruginosa <br />conta accurata colonia 12h crescita piastre capacità contate <br />numero colonie unità CFU Colony ming Units CFU convertito numero <br />organismi millilitro proprietà batteriostatiche crescita campione <br />materiale matrice batteri lli batteri termine “Batteriostatico” <br />inibizione crescita batterica condizione sperimentale Analisi <br />statistica media tre misurazioni condizione sperimentale llo <br />valore esito stime curve crescita analisi statistica analisi <br />regressione curve crescita tipo batterico combinazione trattamento <br />matrice regressione termine lineare quadratico condizione <br />sperimentale tipo batterio intercetta equazioni regressione fit <br />esame grafico valori osservati previsti correlazione P aeruginosa <br />analisi sei ore soppressione percentuale crescita determinata <br />area curve crescita condizione lli batterici termine analisi tasso <br />crescita curva crescita termine crescita strumento valutare tasso <br />medio soppressione ponderazione singoli ceppi batteri t test <br />confronto batterio llo sperimentali significanza statistica p tasso crescita veloce tempo raddoppio 73 min S epidermidis <br />crescita lenta tempo raddoppio 110 min studio contaminazione <br />incrociata batteri culture batteriche vitali periodo fine analisi <br />lli matrice batteri crescita batterica studio materiali sterili <br />esposizione effetto puramente battericida ceppi batterici S aureus S <br />epidermidis Streptococco b-emolitico effetto batteriostatico <br />soppressione P aeruginosa conta batteri dodici ore S aureus S <br />epidermidis Streptococco b-emolitico colture P aeruginosa curve <br />crescita condizioni sperimentali collagene tipo I S epidermidis <br />Streptococco b-emolitico S aureus significanza statistica % ± p = <br />acido ialuronico proprietà batteriostatiche significative organismi <br />acido ialuronico effetto batteriostatico statisticamente significativo <br />ceppi batterici P aeruginosa trend soppressione P aeruginosa proprietà <br />batteriostatiche statisticamente significative trend di soppressione <br />impatto significativo crescita biomatrici innesti tessuto <br />ingegnerizzato cellule seminate sopra matrici siti impianto pazienti <br />ortopedici sono sp suscettibili infezione contaminazione perdita <br />tessuto ischemia locale danno vascolarizzazione integrità impianto <br />patogeni infezioni fratture aperte biomatrice sopprimere inibire <br />crescita patogeni maniera significativa esiti clinici Curve <br />crescita curve crescita normali P aeruginosa tasso crescita rapido <br />batteri S epidermidis lento numero batteri/mL ore coltura tasso <br />soppressione negativa crescita batteri accelerata matrice <br />Pseudomonas aeruginosa tasso soppressione negativa effetto <br />batteriostatico statisticamente significativo S aureus numero <br />batteri/mL ore coltura Curve crescita Staphylococcus epidermidis <br />biomatrici effetto batteriostatico statisticamente significativo S <br />epidermidis valori p Curve crescita Streptococco b-emolitico acido <br />ialuronico collagene effetto batteriostatico statisticamente <br />significativo Streptococco b-emolitico PLGA significativamente <br />crescita Streptococco b-emolitico numero di batteri/mL ore di coltura <br />Curve di crescita Pseudomonas aeruginosa idrossiapatite unico effetto <br />batteriostatico significativo P aeruginosa acido ialuronico trend <br />batteriostatico PLGA accelerato significativamente crescita P <br />aeruginosa trend accelerazione crescita numero batteri/mL ore <br />di coltura integrazione protesica tessuto ospite “gara per la <br />superficie” cellule ospite batteri proprietà materiali promuovere <br />crescita tessuto materiale suscettibile invasioni batteriche <br />proprietà materiali composizione carica superficiale morfologia <br />superficiale struttura chimica ph pressione osmotica concentrazione <br />ionica area circonda impianto influenzano microambiente superficie <br />materiale cellule ospite batteri impianto protesico batteri <br />biomateriali batteriostatici crescita patogeni combinazione risposta <br />immunitaria adeguata ospite effetto batteriostatico biomatrice <br />prevenzione infezione clinicamente significativa potenzialmente <br />struttura tessuto ingegnerizzato numero materiali proprietà <br />batteriostatiche batteriostasi_ inibizione soppressione crescita <br />normale tempo stard tempo materiale inibire sopprimere crescita <br />batteriostatico Studi precedenti materiali matrice extra-cellulare <br />sottomucosa intestino tenue vescica urinaria maiale attività <br />antimicrobica Escherichia Coli S aureus riduzione attività <br />substrato rivestito livelli diversi fibronectina S epidermidis <br />densità proteine ligi superficie vetro bioattivo dimostrato <br />attività antimicrobica Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans <br />Porphyromonas Gingivalis Actinomyces naeslundii Streptococcus mutans <br />Streptococcus sanguis tempo di osservazione 12 h effetto <br />batteriostatico impianto effetto batteriostatico corpo difesa <br />naturale prevenire colonizzazione batterica sito impianto <br />biomateriali esaminati in studio mostrato effetti diversi <br />crescita batteri acido ialuronico effetto batteriostatico maggiore <br />batteri pratica ortopedica acido ialuronico effetto <br />batteriostatico patogeni cavità orale proprietà <br />batteriostatiche saturazione enzima ialuronato liasi prodotto <br />batteri difese fisiche ospite ialuronato liasi fattore <br />propagazione batteri patogeni catalizza degradazione acido <br />ialuronico condroitinsolfati b-eliminazione enzimatica acido <br />ialuronico matrice extracellulare degradazione batterica <br />espansione batteri ceppi Streptococcus Streptococco b-emolitico <br />Propionibacterium PeptoStreptococcus Staphylococcus Streptomyces <br />permeabilità tessuto ruolo nziale infezioni ferite polmonite sepsi <br />colture Streptococcus Pneumoniae ialuronato liasi mezzi liquidi <br />frazioni associate cellula enzima circolante invasione batterica <br />interno ospite effetto batteriostatico acido ialuronico <br />saturazione ialuronato liasi batterica acido ialuronico batterio <br />livelli elevati permeabilità tessuto capacità sistema immunitario <br />ospite patogeni molecole acido ialuronico rete casuale catene <br />setaccio diffusione batteri matrici effetto batteriostatico <br />inferiore idrossiapatite ceramica fosfato calcio effetti <br />batteriostatici significativi S epidermidis P aeruginosa S <br />epidermidis idrossiapatite inibizione accelerazione crescita S <br />aureus risultati differenze proprietà idrossiapatite composizione <br />processo lavorazione studio dimostrato idrossiapatite superficie <br />caricata negativamente aumento adesione tasso proliferazione batterio <br />interazione elettrostatica superficie cellula superficie <br />idrossiapatite soppressione effetto carica materiale ioni materiale <br />quantità materiale numero batteri inoculazione matrici collagene <br />tipo I popolari ingegnerizzazione tissutale capacità matrice <br />collagene tipo I osso matrici collagene crescita Streptococco <br />b-emolitico S epidermidis meccanismo soppressione crescita S <br />aureus paragonabile S aureus molecola di adesione al collagene <br />diretta gene cna tessuti alta concentrazione collagene cartilagine <br />osso infezione Staphylococcus rivestimenti collagene tipo I <br />matrici PLGA ambiente acido degrada meccanismo di soppressione S <br />aureus pratica ortopedica PLGA bacteriostasi minima livello di <br />soppressione dipendente singoli batteri biomatrice sopravvivenza <br />innesto tessuto ingegnerizzato arco temporale concentrazioni <br />iniziali ceppi batterici batteri anaerobici common Tissue-engineered <br />grafts tissue regeneration mature progenitor cells seeded onto shape <br />support loping tissue Popular surgery collagen type I ialuronic acid <br />idrossiapatite polylactic polyglycolic acid PLGA Biomatrici <br />batteriostatiche properties promoting tissue-engineered graft survival <br />patients susceptible infection growth bacterial inhibiting bacterial <br />growth average bacteriostasis average inhibition NS Treatment <br />ortopedici patients bone loss trauma tumor congenital anomaly <br />secondary limited bone regenerative capacity potential complications <br />such as infection Recent advancements tissue engineering means <br />regenerative tissue growth tissue engineering techniques <br />three-dimensional biomateriali mature o progenitor cells shape help <br />guide tissue lopment suitable initial biochimiche characteristics <br />cell distribution biodegradability hinder phenotypic lopment target <br />cells in vitro in vivo linear polymers polylactic acid PLA <br />polyglycolic acid PGA copolimeri PLGA varying properties mechanical <br />strength biocompatibilità degradation pattern Idrossiapatite calcium <br />phosphate ceramic material bone repair surface coating prostics ospite <br />conductive properties longer degradation time bio-materials ability <br />promote bone growth induce immunologic granulomatous brous reaction <br />implant materials polymers Collagen tissue-derived biomateriale Type <br />I collagen major constituent bone skin tendons popular choice <br />tissue-engineering rivestimento Collagen bone graft properties <br />suitable rivestimento mineral deposition ialuronico acid a major <br />constituent extracellulare matrix is a central element hyaline <br />cartilage is found as a soluble component normal joint signicant <br />ability bone mation biocompatibile variable types rivestimento <br />biomatrice material PLGA of biodegradable copolimeri mulated various <br />mechanical degradation properties clinical need materials ability <br />bone mation biocompatibilità history safe suture materials <br />versatility constructing rivestimento A problem PLGA materials <br />acidic environment implant site infiammatoria response consensus <br />tissue engineering Implantation sites ortopedici patients susceptible <br />infection contamination tissue loss local ischemia damaged vascular <br />supplì Decreased penetration antibiotici association blood supply <br />significant problem regenerative surgical procedures biocompatibile <br />cell embedding substances bacterial contamination tissue-engineered <br />graft surrounding wound surgery new connective tissue attachment <br />bone cartilage surgical treatment open fractures likelihood bacterial <br />contamination bone exposed environment Repair open fractures area <br />tissue-engineering techniques accommodating bone loss stripping <br />periospiteum soft tissues local ischemia Local ischemia tissue <br />infarction damaged vascular supply combined hematoma formation <br />promote growth bacteria infection introduction internal hardware <br />risk of infection introduction foreign material body Prevention <br />containment bacterial contamination wound site significativamente <br />improve clinical outcome tissue engineering lopment biomatrix <br />effective rivestimento tissue-engineered cell growth batteriostatiche <br />ideal bio-material use ortopedici surgery significativamente graft <br />survival outcome purpose study evaluate potential batteriostatiche <br />bio-matrix materials growth bacterial patogeni Staphylococcus <br />aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis emolitico Streptococco Pseudomonas <br />aeruginosa S aureus S epidermidis frequent cause antibacterial <br />properties wound healing regenerative capability graft collagen <br />type I Helistat Integra Lifesciences Plainsboro New Jersey ialuronico <br />acid Hya-11 Fidia Advanced Biopolymers Abano Terme Italy <br />idrossiapatite Collagraft Zimmer Warsaw Indiana polylactic <br />polyglycolic acid PLGA lactel85/15 polyDL DL-lactideco-glycolide <br />Birmingham Polymers Birmingham Alabama collagen ialuronico acid <br />idrossiapatite commercially available preparations PLGA matrix <br />polyglycolic 15% polylactic acid 200–300lm pore size laboratory <br />Collagraft product mixture porous beads 60% idrossiapatite 40% <br />tricalcium phosphate bovine cartilage Helistat collagen bovine deep <br /> tendon purest sources Type I collagen size defect repair 5mm · <br />5mm · 2mm deep matrix material size samples material weighn order to <br />determine an average weight material weights matrix materials <br />standardize samples collagen 2mg ialuronico acid mg idrossiapatite <br />mg PLGA mg collagen ialuronico acid idrossiapatite sterile <br />manufacturer sterilized irradiation prepared PLGA matrici <br />sterilized initial h 100% etanolo consecutive % etanolo PLGA matrici <br />sterile phosphate saline method sterilization methods sterilization <br />etanolo broth matrici sterile sterile materials individual wells <br />96-well culture plate Preparation material positive pressure hood <br />contamination material triplicate bacterium Bacterial strains <br />bacteria study S aureus ATCC 29923 S epidermidis ATCC 12228 <br />emolitico Streptococco ATCC 19615 P aeruginosa ATCC 27853 organisms <br />common laboratory organisms susceptibility patterns strains strains <br />grown aerobically 37 blood agar plates BBL Media Becton–Dickinson <br />Microbiology Systems inoculum 15 · 108 organisms per milliliter <br />Mueller–Hinton broth optical density measurement solutions stock <br />solution bacteria species concentration organisms milliliter <br />Experimental setup experiment run in triplicate matrix material <br />bacteria combination material sample inoculated bacterial stock <br />solutions Separate bacterial matrix matrix broth bacteria run <br />microliter samples bacterial plated blood agar plates starting <br />number bacteria milliliter blood agar plates 96-well plates <br />incubated 37_C aerobic conditions 5% CO2 course experiment <br />Determination batteriostatiche activity antimicrobial effect <br />various biomateriali count viable bacteria exposure biomateriali <br />Sample collections experimental cultures made loop used inoculate <br />blood agar plates procedure repeated giving total inoculation sample <br />wells sample stirred sterile loop lawn effect bacteria material <br />samples colony count plates incubated 24h P aeruginosa accurate <br />colony count growth plates surpassed ability count number colony <br />units CFUs number CFUs number organisms millilitre batteriostatiche <br />properties growth sample containing matrix material bacteria <br />bacteria Batteriostatiche inhibition bacterial growth experimental <br />condition Statistical analysis mean three measurements experimental <br />condition outcome value Estimates growth curves statistical <br />analysis regression analysis Growth curves separately bacterial <br />type matrix treatment combination regression possibility linear <br />quadratic term experimental condition bacteria type treatments <br />intercept regression equations model determined graphical <br />examination observed predicted values treatment types <br />correlation calculated P aeruginosa analysis values ability count <br />CFUs bacteria analysis percent growth suppression determined <br />area under growth curves condition compared bacteria end point <br />analysis area under growth curve end-point growth measure rate <br />growth average rate suppression bacteria strains calculated data <br />weighting individual strains bacteria used analysis t test <br />against experimental conditions Statistical significance pResults discussion strains not exposed to matrix exhibited normal <br />growth curves fastest growth rate doubling time approximately 73min <br />slowest growth doubling time approximately no cross-contamination <br />bacteria bacterial cultures viable during period evaluated end <br />analysis matrix no bacteria free of bacterial growth during <br />materials sterile experiment assessment bacterial growth presence <br />matrix materials illustrated materials growth exposure matrix <br />materials exhibited purely bactericidal bacterial strains growth <br />culture varying degrees matrix materials batteriostatiche suppression <br />P aeruginosa time point times growth bacteria ability materials <br />growth bacterial counts cultures matrix materials impacted <br />tissue-engineered grafts integration ospite tissue surface ospite <br />cells surface charge surface morphology chemical structure pH <br />osmotic pressure ionic concentration area surrounding implant <br />microenvironment material surface ospite cells bacteria bacteria <br />implantation batteriostatiche biomateriali partially suppress growth <br /> patogeni adequate immune response ospite batteriostatiche <br />biomatrice clinically significant infection construct materials <br />batteriostatiche properties inhibition suppression cellular matrix <br />materials intestinal submucosa urinary bladder submucosa <br />antimicrobial activity density proteins surface bioactive glass <br />antimicrobial activity Porphyromonas gingivalis Actinomyces naeslundii <br />Streptococco mutans Streptococco sanguis timeframes implantation <br />natural defense colonization oral cavity saturation enzyme <br />hyluronate physical enzymatic b-elimination process extracellulare <br />matrix bacterial degradation pneumonia sepsis liquid media <br />cell-associated fractions circulating enzyme bacterial invasion lyase <br />bacteria elevated levels tissue permeability chains sieve spread <br />bacteria calcium phosphate ceramic displayed significant <br />batteriostatiche effects manufacturing processing negatively charged <br />surface adhesion proliferation rate bacteria attributed electrostatic <br />interaction cell surface surface Suppression material charge ions <br />ling material amount material overwhelming number bacteria <br />inoculation Collagen I tissue engineering ability incorporate type I <br />collagen matrix regenerate bone Collagen growth b-emolitico <br />Streptococco S epidermidis mechanism suppression growth S aureus <br />collagen adhesion molecule directed cna gene bacteria PLGA matrici <br />growth bemolitico Streptococco P aeruginosa PLGA acidic environment <br />conducive growth bacteria mechanism suppression S aureus unknown <br />summary ialuronico acid patogeni ortopedici practice PLGA exhibited <br />bacteriostasis actually accelerated growth b-emolitico Streptococco P <br />aeruginosa idrossiapatite collagen batteriostatiche level <br />suppression dependent individual bacteria Selection biomatrice <br />batteriostatiche beneficial promoting tissue-engineered graft survival <br />patients susceptible infection wound contamination tissue loss local <br />ischemia studies time course initial concentrations bacteria <br />bacterial strains including anaerobic bacteria Soluzione satura di <br />tiosolfato di sodio temini statistici varianza tra gruppi varianza <br />entro gruppi</div><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1848865264884293592-3064034476357891914?l=traduzioneinglesesassari.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Fromtoenglishnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1848865264884293592.post-76160133905001255622011-12-07T23:47:00.001-08:002011-12-07T23:47:26.181-08:00<div class='posterous_autopost'>b-catenina espressione Islet1 cellule progenitrici cardiovascolari <br />multipli cardiogenesi Studi recenti Islet1 Isl1 fattore <br />trascrizione omeodominio LIM marca cellule progenitrici <br />cardiovascolari pluripotenti proliferazione sopravvivenza <br />migrazione cellule progenitrici second heart field upstream Isl1 <br />cellule progenitrici cardiovascolari b-catenina espressione Isl1 <br />cellule progenitrici cardiache promotore Isl1 ablazione b-catenina <br />cellule progenitrici Isl1 aspetti multipli cardiogenesi letalità <br />embrionale E13 b-catenina upstream geni arco faringeo tratto di <br />efflusso morfogenesi atriale settale Tbx2 Tbx3 Wnt11 Shh Pitx2 via <br />di segnalazione b-catenina proliferazione sopravvivenza cellule <br />progenitrici cardiache Islet1 Isl1 fattore di trascrizione <br />omeodominio LIM sviluppo cardiaco marcatore cellule progenitrici <br />cardiovascolari pluripotenti in vitro linee cardiomiocita endoteliali <br />muscolo liscio 1-5 Isl1 cellule progenitrici proliferanti second <br />heart field dorsalmente medialmente 4 5 Isl1 proliferazione <br />sopravvivenza migrazione cellule progenitrici cuore formazione <br />second heart field progenitrici first heart field espressione di <br />Isl1 è modulato negativamente downeregulated linee second heart quo <br />avviene la differenziazione La linea second heart include cellule del <br />secondary heart field o delheart field anteriore tratto di efflusso <br />tratto di efflusso ventricolo destro topi privi Isl1 livello <br />embrionale giorno embrionale segmenti secondary heart field <br />efflusso ventricolo destro tessuto atriale Isl1 cellule progenitrici <br />cardiache interno cuori postnatali roditori cellule progenitrici <br />isolate riprodotte differenziate cardiomiociti funzionali cocultura <br /> miociti cardiaci neonatali <br /> Isl1 cellula cardiovascol pluripotente coesprime flk1 Nkx25 <br />clonata amplificata cellule staminali embrionali embrioni cloni <br />amplificati tipi cellulari endoteliali muscolo liscio cardiomiocita <br />cellule progenitrici cardiovascolari fattori espressione ruolo <br />chiave segnale canonico via di segnalazione canonica Wnt b-catenina <br />cellule staminali tipi cellulari ruolo segnale via di segnalazione <br />b-catenina cellule staminali progenitrici cardiovascolari induzione <br /> mesoderma cardiogenico inibizione via di segnalazione Wnt embrioni <br />pulcino Xenopus antagonisti Wnt Dickkopf1 Crescent endoderma <br />anteriore embrioni pulcino differenziazione mesoderma cardiogenico <br />embrioni rana Dickkopf1 Crescent secreti organizzatore Spemann <br />iniziatori differenziazione cardiaca mesendoderma anteriore <br />secrezione fattore induzione cardiogenico non identificato ablazione <br />b-catenin ricombinasi Cre K19-Cre Cytokeratin19 azionata promoter <br />promoter-driven formazione cuore ectopico ablazione b-catenina <br />tessuti endoderma cardiogenesi Drosophila attivazione via di <br />segnalazione Wnt sistemi colture cellulari cellule staminali <br />embrionali cellule carcinoma embrionale P19 sistemi di colture <br />cellulari requisito spaziale via di segnalazione Wnt requisiti <br />temporali spaziali via di segnalazione canonica Wnt b-catenina <br />cellule progenitrici cardiache Isl1 ricombinasi Cre locus endogeno <br />Isl1 espressione iniziale Isl1-Cre cellule progenitrici <br />cardiogeni nelendoderma faringeo precoce tessuto cardiac-inducing <br />requisito b-catenina tessuti cardiogenesi precoce b-Catenin Islet1 <br />expression cardiovascular progenitors multiple aspects cardiogenesis <br />LIM homeodomain transcription factor Islet1 Isl1 marks pluripotent <br />cardiovascular progenitor cells proliferation survival <br />migration second heart field progenitors Factors upstream of Isl1 in <br />cardiovascular progenitors -catenin Isl1 expression cardiac <br />progenitors Isl1 promoter Ablation -catenin Isl1-expressing <br />progenitors multiple cardiogenesis embryonic lethality E13 -Catenin <br />upstream genes pharyngeal arch outflow tract atrial septal <br />morphogenesis Tbx2 Tbx3 Wnt11 <br />Shh Pitx2 proliferation survival cardiac progenitors <br />cardiac morphogenesis cardiac progenitors direct target Isl1 <br /> LIM homeodomain transcription factor Islet1 Isl1 cardiac development <br /> marker pluripotent cardiovascular progenitors <br /> cardiomyocyte endolial smooth muscle lineages in vitro Isl1 <br />proliferating undifferentiated progenitors second heart field <br />dorsal medially progenitors forming heart <br /> second heart field later <br />progenitors first heart field Isl1 expression down-regulated <br /> second heart lineages differentiation second heart <br />lineage cells secondary anterior heart field <br /> outflow tract outflow tract right ventricle <br />Isl1-null mice embryonically embryonic <br />day 10 E10 hearts missing segments second <br />heart field outflow tract right ventricle <br />exhibiting severely reduced atrial tissue <br />Isl1 postnatal <br />hearts rodents humans isolated propagated functional <br />cardiomyocytes cocultured neonatal cardiac myocytes <br /> Isl1 <br />pluripotential cardiovascular cell coexpresses flk1 <br />Nkx25 cloned amplified embryonic <br />stem cells embryos amplified clones endothelial smooth muscle <br />cardiomyocyte cell types <br /> pivotal role Isl1 cardiovascular progenitors makes <br />it critical to understing factors regulate Isl1 expression <br />key role canonical Wnt signalling stem cells cell types signalling <br />cardiovascular stem progenitor cells induction cardiogenic mesoderm <br />response inhibition Wnt signaling anterior endoderm chick embryos <br />cardiogenic mesoderm Spemann’s organizer initiators cardiac <br />differentiation acting anterior mes endoderm secretion Cytokeratin19 <br />promoter-driven Cre K19-Cre recombinase ectopic heart formation <br />ablation -catenin endodermal tissues activation Wnt signaling <br />cardiogenesis Drosophila cell culture systems embryonic stem cells <br />embryonal carcinoma spatial requirement Wnt signaling canonical Wnt <br />signaling -catenin Isl1-expressing cardiac progenitors Cre <br />recombinase expressed control endogenous Isl1 locus early expression <br />Isl1-Cre early pharyngeal endoderm cardiac-inducing tissue early <br />cardiogenesis</div><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1848865264884293592-7616013390500125562?l=traduzioneinglesesassari.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Fromtoenglishnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1848865264884293592.post-53694314037222795362011-12-07T23:46:00.001-08:002011-12-07T23:46:06.358-08:00<div class='posterous_autopost'>Incidence surgery conservatively treated patients scoliosis <br />effectiveness bracing effectiveness conservative treatment work <br />conservative treatment education patients techniques brace moulding <br />patients treatment retrospective analysis incidence surgery patients <br />scoliosis aetiology data matched control group intensive inpatient <br />rehabilitation programme moulding techniques Cheneau orthoses high <br />correction untreated control group incidence surgery group <br />curvature SD patients adolescent idiopathic scoliosis incidence <br />diagnosis Statistically incidence significantly incidence surgery <br />control group conservative treatment scoliosis includes outpatient <br />physiotherapy inpatient intensive scoliosis rehabilitation SIR high <br />correction-effect bracing plastercasting reduction rate surgery <br />patients idiopathic scoliosis untreated scoliosis patients <br />conservative treatment scoliosis incidence surgery medical expenses <br /> risk repeated operations complications bracing centre USA quality <br />bracing effects primary correction ‘conservative’ treatment <br />effectiveness language barrier beneficial patients strain Germany <br />conservative treatment brace effective progression growth decreasing <br />curvature Hanks et al successful brace treatments USA increase <br />curvature corrective effect orthosis treatment Milwaukee brace <br />ineffective effectiveness braces central Europe corrective effect <br />correlation primary effect treatment of idiopathic scoliosis aid <br />Chêneau brace Lauer compliance primary effect brace main parameters <br />successful brace treatment USA ‘custom made’ corrective effect 50% <br />initial curvature influence prognosis effectiveness conservative <br />treatment scoliosis one-dimensional basis treatment Chêneau brace <br />Germany clinical histories excellent corrective effects favourable <br />outcomes curvatures progression moulding techniques follow-ups <br />strain American way scoliosis treatment Goldberg et al incidence <br />surgery patients adolescent idiopathic scoliosis braced patients <br />non-braced patients statistical point Milwaukee brace untreated <br />patients methodology Goldberg control group retrospective study <br />non-operative treatment scoliosis adolescent scoliosis surgery <br />cosmetic indication treatment conservative route treatment life-style <br />surgical intervention cosmetic results conservative treatment <br />surgical intervention adolescent patients curvatures procedure <br />effectiveness out-patient programme physiotherapy in-patient intensive <br />scoliosis rehabilitation brace treatment scoliosis in-patient <br />rehabilitation SIR SIR individualized exercise programme combining <br />corrective behavioural patterns physiotherapeutic methods exercise <br />programme sensomotor kinestic principles correction asymmetric <br />posture corrected posture first treatment return treatments <br />symptoms prognosis Patients diagnosis evaluation Incidence surgery <br /> conservatively treated scoliosis patients Chêneau brace <br />three-dimensional deformity orthopaedic surgeons physical medicine <br />rehabilitation basic human anatomy spinal deformity principles <br />postural balancing psychological support systems correction <br />scoliotic posture proprioceptive exteroceptive stimulation warm-up <br />session patients exercise exteroceptive stimulation correction <br />individual curve patterns patients asymmetric exercises targeted <br />traction torso balance mobility Rice-bag bolsters localized sustained <br />pressure exercises mobilization rib prominences torso lumbar <br />asymmetries Bracing growth velocity curvature pattern curve <br />flexibility Cobb angle conservative methods out-patient physiotherapy <br />in-patient intensive rehabilitation SIR brace treatment Chêneau brace <br /> effective incidence surgery patients kinds aetiology incidence <br />surgery conservative management study criteria Curve pattern <br />distribution menarchial status incidence surgery collective <br />Goldberg et al study design aetiology group repeated treatment <br />out-patient questionnaire group average angle of curvature Cobb <br />rehabilitation ° SD angle of curvature distribution pattern <br />curvature Thoracic scoliosis Double major scoliosis Lumbar scolioses <br />Thoracolumbar scolioses surgically treated scoliosis patients <br />intensive SIR statistically highly significant surgical treatment <br />statistical difference one-tailed t-test conservatively treated <br />scoliosis value Milwaukee-braced control group Lonstein Winter <br />control group Noonan et al significance probability of error p <br />t-value diagnosis-matched patient groups adolescent idiopathic <br />scoliosis Goldberg early adolescent idiopathic scoliosis first onset <br />adolescent idiopathic scoliosis subdivision scolioses early <br />beginnings unfavourable course evolution early-onset scolioses <br />collective infantile idiopathic scoliosis juvenile idiopathic <br />scoliosis benign patients adolescent idiopathic scoliosis Goldberg <br />collective no significant differences probability error limit of <br />significance Patients adolescent idiopathic scoliosis incidence <br />surgery kyphoscoliosis incidence surgery patients adolescent <br />idiopathic scoliosis kyphoscoliosis Scoliosis variable condition <br />categories Clinically patients wide spectrum curves school screening <br />programme early detection clinics curves minor magnitude treatment <br />spine centres general orthopaedic surgeons paediatric physicians <br />general practitioners patient sample population natural history <br />population control group outcome bracing Emans et al extent <br />corrective effect Mellerowicz et al research Lauer corrective <br />effect Nachemson Peterson Thulbourne Gillespie progression bracing <br />cosmetic appearance rib hump positively successful course X-ray <br />surgical treatment Bettany et al surgery Collis Ponseti Pehrsson <br />et al Lonstein Winter in-patient intensive rehabilitation programme <br /> aetiology scolioses statistical test thoracic double major curves <br />table early-onset scolioses conservative scoliosis treatment <br />statistical statement medical relevance Assessment conservatively <br />treated scoliosis patients scientific evidence Conservative methods <br />treatment out-patient physiotherapy in-patient intensive <br />rehabilitation high-correction braces effectiveness reducing <br />incidence surgery</div><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1848865264884293592-5369431403722279536?l=traduzioneinglesesassari.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Fromtoenglishnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1848865264884293592.post-73587691089466664362011-12-05T05:15:00.001-08:002011-12-05T05:15:26.562-08:00<div class='posterous_autopost'>L'ultimo lavoro di traduzione ha riguardato la traduzione di 3 <br />articoli scientifici inseriti all'interno di una rivista di medicina <br />naturala statunitense che avevo come oggetto lo stato dell'arte <br />sull'uso della melatonina come integratore alimentare (nutraceutico) e <br />sul dibattito su a cosa esterne l'uso a fini terapeutici o <br />nutrizionali.</div><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1848865264884293592-7358769108946666436?l=traduzioneinglesesassari.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Fromtoenglishnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1848865264884293592.post-70691039049000334992011-11-17T23:35:00.001-08:002011-11-17T23:35:27.225-08:00tensione media di snervamento yield stress debonding laminazione laminazione intermedia travi calcestruzzo armato placcate frp laminazione intermedia fessurazione ic crack-induced travi calcestruzzo armato rinforzate composti materiali frp lastre piane plate lamiere pannelli sheet cfrp condizione caricamento struttura travi beam scheme carico distribuito flessione di mezzeria deformazione compressione elongazione a trazione media apertura fessure deformazioni frp effetto armatura frp resistenza strength flessione duttilità flessionale tipo di rottura laminazione ic profili di distribuzione deformazioni frp gradiente associato sollecitazione taglio interfaccia teoria classica trave comportamento caratteristico profilo deformazione frp laminazione confronto predizione teoretica predizione sperimentale laminazione intermedia fessura profilo deformazione frp laminazione armatura frp rottura progettazione interventi di placcaggio strutture calcestruzzo rinforzate materiali composti teng collaboratori 2002 codici costruzione raccomandazioni aci 440 2002 cnr dt200 2004 llaminazione finale llaminazione intermedia meccanica laminazione meccanica frattura non lineare resistenza massima laminazione meccaniche geometriche composto energia di frattura interfaccia calcestruzzo frp problema laminazione fessure flessionali laminazione intermedia fessurazione ic teoria generalmente accettata letteratura scientifica codici progettazione approcci principali laminazione ic said wu 2007 valore massimo deformazione sollecitazione armatura frp laminazione ic aci 440 deformazione formula empirica conservativa progettazione teng collaboratori 2003 linee guida cnr italiano dt200/2004 ferracuti collaboratori 2007 laminazione finale coefficiente calibrato regressione dati sperimentali valore massimo deformazione frp formule di progettazione flessione laminazione ic correlata gradiente deformazione frp trave deformazione secondo tipo approccio laminazione ic differenza forze trazione estremità parte armatura frp fessure intermedie trave calcestruzzo chen e collaboratori 2007 laminazione ic resistenza al taglio non equilibrata resistenza al taglio fessure approccio 2 bollettino fib 2001 raccomandazioni isce 2001 rosenboom e rizkalla 2007 progettazione fessurazione momento variabili parti variabili momenti fessurazione travi rinforzate frp problema laminazione ic complesso sperimentale database lu e collaboratori 2007 said e wu 2007 ferracuti e coll 2007 rottura laminazione ic fessurazione calcestruzzo c condizione di carico prova prove di flessione quattro punti laminazione laminazione causata taglio fessurazione punti di applicazione forza dispositivi di ancoraggio estremità armatura laminazione finale laminazione ic estremità frp campagna sperimentale travi calcestruzzo armato placcate con frp grandezza naturale trave di controllo dimensioni travi placcate lastre lamiere cfrp armatura longitudinale acciaio carico appoggiato distribuito simulato forze concentrate prove misurate flessione mezzeria deformazione compressione allungamento trazione medio apertura fessure deformazione frp collassate posizione gradiente di resistenza trazione studio sperimentale proprietà geometriche meccaniche travi sotto test laminazione intermedia frp sono state realizzate quattro travi di calcestruzzo rinforzato placcate frp trave controllo placcata calcestruzzo resistenza normale preconfezionato travi sezione trasversale cm2 lunghezza travi getti testate diversi momenti caricamento trave resistenza cubica compressione calcestruzzo getto test quattro cubi standard cm3 scasseratura 20° c umidità relativa 60% prova barre longitudinali staffe armatura convenzionale acciaio convenzionale tensione media snervamento 550 mpa quantità diverse armatura longitudinale calcestruzzo rcm resistenza cubica a compressione proprietà armatura frp sezioni trasversali varie travi placcaggio frp lastre piane lamiere pultruse fogli sheet cfrp sikawrap-hex230c 250 mm 0130 mm spessore fibre carbonio 3900 mpa resistenza trazione minima fibre epm mpa modulo elastico medio travi placcate strati fogli collegati superficie calcestruzzo strato adesivo epossidico sikadur-330 bicomponente impregnante collegamento lamine sika carbodur s larghe mm mm con epm mpa modulo elastico medio lamine superficie calcestruzzo usando un strato di sikadur-30 bicomponente resina epossidica mpa di modulo elastico medio f mpa resistenza trazione impregnante proprietà meccaniche sperimentalmente placcaggio superficie inferiore levigata mola stone wheel strato superiore malta visibile materiale inerte 1 mm dimensioni polvere di marmo mola superficie finita liscia placcaggio frp trave resistenza calcestruzzo età momento test travi proprietà materiali geometriche trave di controllo pressure bending test pressione giunzione soggetta a curvatura sezione trasversale travi soggette prove flessione trave di controllo non rinforzata set-up sperimentale e strumentazione testate schema telaio di flessione appoggio applicazione carico distribuito uniformemente simulato otto forze concentrate forze principali applicate cric idraulici divise travi distanziatrici acciaio prove controllo flessione mezzeria centrale travi momento flettente asse trave due ponti estensimetrici faccia di compressione lvdt tensione strumenti calcolare variazione media curvatura lato di tensione misurare allungamento medio adottati lvdt ponti estensimetrici deformazione regioni di calcestruzzo fessurate non fessurate misura approssimativa apertura fessurazione ponti estensimetrici parte laterale trave posizione staffa posizioni intermedie collocati ponti estensimetrici placca frp parte centrale trave posizione strumenti curve di carico flessione forza p asse y applicata corrispondente carico distribuito trave q2 · p/l lunghezza trave interno appoggi mm incremento resistenza LVDT Linear Variable Differential Transformer set-up sperimentale veduta laterale posizioni strumento ponti estensimetrici lvdt distanza ponti estensimetrici mm armatura cfrp support supporto Sheet lamiera Plate lastra strain gauges ponti estesimetrici carico distribuito differenze resistenza snervamento parzialmente differenza resistenza calcestruzzo forza massima rottura portata armatura convenzionale aumento resistenza in acciaio laminazione ic frp deformabilità flessione rottura rinforzo lastre frp cedimento rinforzata lastre frp doppia area cfrp laminazione ic carico rottura forza di rottura sollecitazione flessione di rottura grafico momento curvatura media sezione di mezzeria mid-span comportamento parte centrale travi figure fragilità rottura comportamento travi rinforzate laminazione principali risultati prove flessionali carico di rottura forza applicata flessione massima di mezzeria deformazione frp laminazione ic tipo di rottura travi rinforzate frp rottura laminazione ic deformazione frp epdeb deformazione massima fessura longitudinale da spacco splitting copertura prisma triangolare liberato lamiera frp rottura prova single lap shear Resistenza al taglio a sovrapposizione singola mazzotti e collaboratori 2004 yao e collaboratori 2005 misure di deformazione spacco splitting copertura distribuzioni deformazione frp asse x distanza supporto sinistro valori crescenti forza esterna applicata diagrammi carico-flessione momento-curvatura fessurazione calcestruzzo lastra aminata failure type tipo rottura complete cracking fessurazione completa profili deformazione fessurazione trasversale principale trazione snervamento barra d'acciaio laminazione ic parte centrale travi ponti estensimetrici diagramma di deformazione improvviso localizzato deformazione elemento frp appoggi laterali diagramma di deformazione valore costante ponti estensimetrici parte centrale trave rottura completa laminazione deformazione frp valore massimo mezzeria distanza deformazioni longitudinali gradiente di forza assiale sforzi di taglio interfaccia concentrazione sollecitazione fessurazioni trasversali regioni calcestruzzo momento costante forza di taglio mezzeria distacco prisma calcestruzzo spessore copertura staffa valore me asterisco evento dinamico laminazione lamiera frp assenza evento laminazione ic completa riduzione valore di deformazione regime degradante softening ponti estensimetrici aumento deformazione fenomeno placcata lastra plate cfrp deformazioni misurate ponti estensimetrici momento flettente determinato sezioni trasversali fessurazione calcestruzzo plateau fessurazione snervamento acciaio amimazione ic sheet lamiera distance distanza ic laminazione laminazione ic steel yieldings nervamento acciaio cracking fessurazione profili di deformazione lastra frp resistenza applicata momento flettente curva di deformazione frp ponti estensimetrici branch ramo plate lastra trave tn8 distribuzione deformazione lamiera frp dati sperimentali predizione numerica kn forza applicata rottura experimental data dati sperimentali theoretical prediction predizione teoria ponti estensimetrici curva lineare snervamento barre acciaio longitudinali incrementi carico lato trazione laminazione ic ponte estensimetrico ramo orizzontale rottura finale ponte estensimentrico presenza laminazione ic confronto distribuzione deformazione trave tn8 livelli di carico valori di deformazione teorici assunzione deformazione piana scorrimento interfacciale di completa fessurazione calcestruzzo tensione leggi costitutive materiale primo livello kn condizione post-fessurazione predizione teorica risultati sperimentali profilo di deformazione ultimo carico deformazioni sperimentali superiori predizione teorica lato destro trave laminazione ic criterio profilo deformazione frp laminazione ic Cross section sezione trasversale Tiranti staffe tie cerchiature hoop core carota center-to-center distanza centro centro spacing distanza cross-sectional trasversale confinement design progettazione Progettazione armature sconfinamento pilastri calcestruzzo cemento armato equazioni progettazione armature confinamento pilastri rettangolari circolari duttili antisismici performance misurata termini richiesta di curvatura studio parametrico pilastri livello di duttilità sezionale influenza resistenza caratteristica cemento armato resistenza snervamento armatura trasversale sconfinamento rinforzo livello carico assiale distribuzione spaziale armatura confinamento trasversale semplificazione equazioni principali parametri controllo equazioni di progetto codici di progettazione convalidate insieme risultati sperimentali implementazione Canadian Standard progettazione strutture cemento armato Requisiti acciaio confinamento <br />confinamento trasversale codici di progettazione travi pilastri funzioni principali piegamento barre longitudinali rottura da taglio nucleo confinato concrete core sufficiente deformabilità duttilità programmi progettazione ACI 2005 CSA 2004 NZS 1995 azioni considerazione requisiti di confinamento armatura confinamento attuale Codice ACI Richart collaboratori 1929 resistenza compressione nucleo confinato pilastro sfaldamento forza sezione lorda pilastro sfaldamento requisiti armatura confinamento funzioni rapporto area lorda sezioni pilastri area nucleo confinato rapporto resistenza compressione specificata cemento armato resistenza snervamento specificata armatura trasversale Standard CSA CSA 1994 pilastro telaio frame duttile soddisfare requisiti confinamento specificati Codice ACI ACI 2005 requisiti pilastri cemento armato a resistenza normale requisiti standard neozelandesi armature confinamento NZS 1995 allontanamento effetti sismici livello carico assiale sezione pilastro Sheikh Khoury 1993 Sceikh e coll 1994 Azizinamini coll 1994 Watson Parco 1994 Li coll 1994 Bayrak Sceikh 1998 Légeron Paultre 2000 Paultre coll 2001 limiti equazioni requisiti armature confinamento Codice ASI CSA Standard livello carico assiale importanza fondamentale duttilità pilastri standard ACI CSA neozelandesi armature confinamento acciaio limite di snervamento ACI ed il CSA richiesta duttilità di curvatura anelastica duttilità flessionale sezione sviluppare nuove equazioni determinazione armature sconfinamento pilastri cemento armato rettangolari circolari calcestruzzi resistenze strength 120 MPa resistenza confinamento acciaio 1400 MPa Queste equazioni sono state sviluppate studio vasta portata ruolo importante duttilità pilastro base approccio equazioni semplificate progettazione armature confinamento codici requisiti confinamento nuovo Standard CSA A233 CSA 2004 risultati sperimentali pilastri quadrati circolari costruiti materiale a resistenza normale alta resistenza esaminati ricercatori diversi Predizione duttilità pilastro Simulazioni numeriche database risultati sperimentali pilastri sottoposti carico assiale costante curvatura inversa database limitazioni limiti attuali requisiti progettazione armature confinamento il database include influenza importanti parametri momento esame pilastri grandezza naturale costoso studio numerico analisi cicliche compiere simulazioni numeriche prove di laboratorio modo sistematico razionale insieme pilastri sviluppo globale equazioni determinare armatura confinamento validazione approccio verifica numero limitato Watson e Park 1994 analisi monotone evidenza sperimentale dimostra curve sollecitazione deformazione cemento armato resistenza normale NSC cemento armato ad alta resistenza HSC sotto carico compressivo ciclico concentrico carico compressivo monotono concentrico Konstantinidis e coll 2007 relazione prove numeriche livello fiduciario relazioni test effettuati significative simulazioni numeriche predittivi validi accurata comportamento materiali leggi equazioni costitutive materiali Caratteristiche materiali Légeron e Paultre 2003 predire comportamento uniassiale cemento armato confinato sotto compressione Curva sollecitazione deformazione calcestruzzo Concrete Axial Strain deformazione assiale calcestruzzo Concrete Axial Stress sollecitazione assiale calcestruzzo Non confinato concrete calcestruzzo non confinato Confined concrete calcestruzzo confinato molo predire momento-curvatura risposta forza-spostamento MPa confinati acciaio resistenza snervamento MPa Légeron Paultre relazione aumento resistenza duttilità calcestruzzo con indice di confinamento effettivo resistenza calcestruzzo pressione effettiva di confinamento picco di sollecitazione misura limitazione applicata anelli metallici espansione laterale nucleo confinato compressione assiale pilastro circolare pilastri rettangolari direzione y Kc coefficiente geometrico efficacia confinamento misura efficacia armatura confinamento confinare calcestruzzo tubo continuo tiranti catene distanti metà dimensione minima sezione nucleo Effetto arco Non confinate concrete calcestruzzo non confinato Confined concrete calcestruzzo confinato<br />parte pilastri confinata Ashy sezione totale armatura confinamento insieme tiranti direzione y cy dimensione sezione trasversale direzione y misurata interasse tiranti periferici spirale s distanza interasse tiranti ρs rapporto volume armatura a spirale volume totale nucleo misurato interasse spirale sollecitazione armatura di confinamento picco di sollecitazione Cusson e Paultre 1994 Paultre coll 2001 armatura di confinamento snervamento picco di sollecitazione calcestruzzo Azizinamini e coll 1994 acciaio limite snervamento miglioramento significativo duttilità pilastri sotto carico assiale continuo curvatura inversa Légeron Paultre numero di simulazioni numeriche indice di confinamento efficace configurazioni di tiranti resistenze sollecitazione massima εccu calcestruzzo confinato sollecitazione <br /><br /><br />Riparazione Ossea Primaria ROP riparazione per prima intenzione restituito ad integrum aree traumatizzate apposizione osso primario formazione intermedia tessuto connettivo 974 Schenk Rineler Milner McKibbin Netter ROP meccanismo riparazione ossea fisiologico naturale 1994 studio istologico Macaca Fascicularis ROP odontoiatria studio pilota clinico istologico Dichiarazione di Helsinki del 1964 pazienti informati consenzienti grado maturazione ossea impianti osteointegrati impianti ROP edentuli mibola emilati opposti mibole tipologie impianti dentali impianti osteointegrati Neodent BR impianti ROP TMI RSM rimozione chirurgica protesi radicolari ROP 4 impianti osteointegrati inserite siti chiave schema protesico definitivo campioni inclusi resina Tecnivit Kultzer preparati istologicamente EXAKT colorati ematossilina-eosina blu metilene osservati istologicamente microscopio ottico 50-100-200-400X quantità qualità osso osservato istologicamente interfaccia titanio differente tipologie impianti impianti osteointegrati nuclei ossificazione abbozzati contatto osseo insufficiente protesi radicolari ROP contatto osso titanio completo analisi istologica ROP Osteintegrazione terapia implantoprotesica frattura semplice giorni quantità osso carico progressivo protesi dentaria Terapia Magneto Elettrica TME supporto terapie ortopediche traumatologiche patologie sistemiche artrite reumatoide osteoporosi Chirurgia ortopedica Riparazione Ossea Primaria tempi fisiologici risultati terapeutici esiti positivi generali terapie verificare evidenziare efficacia trattamento pazienti odontoiatrici interventi chirurgia ossea ricostruttiva TME associati implantoprotesi ROP terapia ricostruttiva ossea implantare ROP 126 pazienti sessi età anni protesi radicolari a ROP TMI Pressing RSM pazienti TME Biomedica Italy applicazioni periodo riparazione ossea controllata radiologicamente giorni protesi radicolari caricate 120 giorni terapia combinata ROP TME pazienti aumento mineralizzazione organizzazione ossea zone sottoposte terapia chirurgica inferiore convenzionale terapia perse protesi radicolari reinserite ROP caricate combinato TME ROP migliora potenzia meccanismi fisiologici guarigione ossea cardiac herniation following pneumonectomy Anestesia Rianimazione Cardiac herniation rare life-threatening complication following intrapericardial pneumonectomy pneumonectomy heart pericardial defect pleural space obstruction aorta vena cava strangulation myocardium Clinical findings sudden onset hypotension shock cyanosis superior caval syndrome mortality approximately 50% prompt diagnosis treatment required cases of cardiac herniation after pneumonectomy observed experience symptoms radiological signs early diagnosis cardiac herniation Immediate induction anaessia full lateral position emergency thoracotomy cardiac herniation reduction closure pericardial defect crucial resolving tunusual complication postpneumonectomy state Chest <br />Direttiva 2001/42/CE Commissione Europea Valutazione Ambientale Strategica VAS strumento integrato Piani programmi costruzione determinazione scelte elaborato tesi evoluzione rapporto VAS strumenti pianificazione urbanistica interconnessioni Piani riflessione punti nodali concertazione processo valutativo iter pianificatori studio normativo-metodologico casi studio processi applicazione VAS differenti livelli Scopo punti chiave criteri dissonanze criticità reale applicabilità efficacia evoluzione storica presa di coscienza questione ambientale diminuzione disponibilità risorse constatazione degrado ambientale critica modello economico Stati corso 30 anni concetto sviluppo crescita economica crescita economica con responsabilità sociale e ambientale Sviluppo sostenibile Our Common Future 1987 Lo sviluppo è sostenibile se consente alla generazione presente di soddisfare i propri bisogni senza compromettere la possibilità delle generazioni future di soddisfare i loro esplicitazione dimensioni fondamentale controllo utilizzare concetti espressi Rapporto Bruntl linee guida evoluzione sostenibile tutela ambiente giustizia sociale fattibilità economica esplicite scelte politiche punto di vista procedurale punto vista strettamente economico esigenza innovare approccio politico sistema tradizionale integrare politica ambientale processi decisionali dimensione sociale economica trasformazioni ambientali territoriali effettiva applicazione principio globalmente Summit Accordi internazionali Conferenza di Rio de Janeiro giugno 1992 conclusasi con Dichiarazione sull’Ambiente e sullo Sviluppo principio di solidarietà principio di equità principio di democrazia principio di sussidiarietà principio di precauzion sezione attuativi analisi convenzioni internazionali Summit di Johannesburg fiducia Governi Mercato pianificazione urbanistica territoriale convenzionali panorama pianificatorio excursus storico promulgazione Legge Urbanistica Nazionale 1150/42 trasformazioni culturali sociali economiche Italia contrapposizione tutela ambiente risorse rafforzamento questione ambientale panorama nazionale pianificazione necessita Piano Strutturale Piano Operativo pianificazione strategica crisi del Piano tradizionale Amministrazioni pubbliche Titolo V Costituzione ordinamento regionale italiano principio di sussidiarietà entità territoriale amministrativa cittadini comuni livelli amministrativi territoriali superiori governance territoriale coesione socio-economico-territoriale sostenibilità sviluppo Direttiva Europea 42/2001/CE Valutazione di Impatto Ambientale processi pianificatori odierna politica ambientale Direttiva 42/2001/CE ordinamento italiano DLgs n 152/2006 Norme in materia ambientale metodologia VAS Piani e Programmi Tale Decreto fase di revisione recepimento regionale VAS regioni emanazione livello europeo Emilia Romagna approcci regionali valutazione ordinamenti VAS procedura di VIA applicata Piani Programmi analisi panorama regionale reale applicazione integrazione livello comunitario procedura tecnica compito compilazione Rapporto Ambientale scelte effettuate formulazione scenari alternativi valutazione impatti cumulativi livello regionale sovra-comunale comunale livello regionale Piano Energetico Ambientale Sardegna livello sovra-comunale ValSAT Emilia Romagna Piano Strutturale Comunale Valle dell’Idice linee guida Regione Sardegna elaborazione Piani Urbanistici Comunali processi pianificatori Acido ialuronico skin Artifacts acido ialuronico localizzazione istologica skin Acido ialuronico occurs virtually vertebrate tissues fluids skin largest reservoir body HA containing 50% Earlier studies distribution HA skin using localizzazione istologica techniques underestimated HA levels Formalinis aqueous fixative soluble tissue HA isolated tprocedure length of time tissue formalin variable explain conflicting results encountered Acidification addition alcohol fixative causes HA avidly fixed subsequent aqueous steps unable elute HA tissue Comparisons HA localization skin sections fixed acid-formalin ethanol conventional formalin fixation HA epidermis eluted during process formalin fixation epidermal HA loosely associated cell tissue structures dermal HA incubation 24 hours aqueous buffer increases disparity acid-formalin/alcohol conventional fixation technique tissue exposed acid-formalin/alcohol HA association tissue tenaciously fixed little loss apparent HA observed additional aqueous incubation formalin-fixed tissues progressive loss HA Epidermal acido ialuronico assumed cells mesenchymal origin capable synsizing HA restricted dermal compartment skin advent specific techniques localizzazione istologica biotinylated HA-binding peptide evidence HA epidermis apparent techniques separating dermis epidermis permitted accurate measurement HA each compartment epidermis HA Acido ialuronico prominent upper spinous granular layers epidermis extracellular basal layer HA predominantly intracellular easily leeched aqueous fixation basal keratinocyte HA involved cell cycling events secreted HA upper outer layers epidermis mechanisms disassociation eventual sloughing cells Cultures isolated cheratinociti facilitated study epilial HA metabolism Basal cheratinociti synsize copious quantities HA Ca++ culture medium increased 005 120 mM cells differentiate HA synsis levels onset hyaluronidase activity increase calcium appears simulate culture natural in situ differentiation basal cheratinociti parallels increasing calcium gradient observed epidermis intracellular stores calcium release cheratinociti mature calcium stores concentrated bylamellar bodies intercellular fluids released during terminal differentiation lamellar bodies thought modified lysosomes containing hydrolytic enzymes apotential source hyaluronidase activity lamellar bodies fuse plasma membranes terminally differentiating cheratinociti increasing plasma membrane surface area Lamellar bodies associated proton pumps enhance acidity lamellar bodies acidify polar lipids converted neutral lipids skin barrier function Diffusion aqueous material epidermis blocked lipids synsized cheratinociti stratum granulosum boundary corresponding level HA staining part barrier function skin HA-rich area inferior layer obtain water moisture-rich dermis water contained penetrate lipid-rich stratum granulosum HA-bound water dermis vital area epidermis critical skin hydration stratum granulosum essential maintenance hydration skin body Profound dehydration serious clinical problem patients burns extensive losses stratum granulosum Dermal acido ialuronico HA content dermis greater epidermis accounts for total body HA present skin papillary dermis prominent levels HA reticular dermis HA dermis continuity lymphatic vascular systems epidermal HA Exogenous HA cleared dermis degraded dermal fibroblast syntic machinery dermal HA target pharmacologic attempts enhance skin hydration fibroblasts body banal cells histologic perspective vertebrate cells repertoire biochemical reactions potential pathways differentiation diversity sitespecific papillary dermal fibroblast different fibroblasts cells HA syntic capacity similar fibroblasts line joint synovium HA-rich synovial fluid Stern Aging skin dermal HA most skin HA epidermal cells synsize HA most dramatic histochemical change observed senescent skin marked decrease epidermal HA senile skin HA dermis disappeared total GAG synsis precipitous fall aging influenced underlying dermis topical treatments retinoic acids epidermal HA under separate controls in vitro in vivo observations recent studies document total level HA majorage-related change increasing avidity HA tissue structures concomitant loss HA extractability intercalated HA diminished ability on water hydration decreased volume water hydration HA loss skin moisture important study future hyaladherins HA-binding proteins decorate HA senile skin profile hyaladherins young skin dermal epidermal compartments Progressive loss size HA polymer skin function age reported increased binding HA tissue function age parallels progressive cross-linking collagen steady loss collagen extractability age phenomena apparent dehydration atrophy loss elasticity characterizes aged skin Photoaging skin Repeated exposure UV radiation sun causes premature aging skin Ultraviolet damage causes mild form wound healing associated elevated dermal HA minutes UV exposure nude mice causes enhanced deposition HA Thiele Stern UV induced skin damage rapid event “glow” sun exposure mild edematous reaction induced enhanced HA deposition transient sense well being extracts high price prolonged exposure Repeated exposures ultimately simulate typical wound healing response deposition scarlike type I collagen usual types I III collagen mixture skin resilience pliability biochemical changes distinguish photoaging chronological aging identified abnormal GAGs photoaging scars in association changes wound healing response diminished HA increased levels chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans abnormal pattern distribution GAGs deposited elastotic material comprises elastosis associated actinic damaged collagen fibers “smudges” hematoxylin-eosin sections sun-damaged skin collagen elastin fibers observed normal skin Le cellule interstiziali di Cajal ICC Interstitial cells of Cajal 1893 identificate particolari caratteristiche ultrastrutturali ubicazione parete muscolare intestinale terminazioni nervose cellule muscolari lisce cellule ritmicità contrazione marker caratteristici microscopio ottico laboratorio mammiferi ricerche studi fisiologici caratteristiche ultrastrutturali ICC fibroblasti studio morfologico ICC stomaco mammiferi laboratorio aree parete cellulare comportamenti mobili informazioni caratteristiche ultrastrutturali distribuzione ICC gastriche stomaco umano cellule posizione diversa interno tonaca muscolare regioni intestinali diverse regioni gastriche caratteristiche tipiche ICC intestinali cellule simili fibroblasti Stack 1972 identificazione ICC colon ratto microscopio ottico impregnazione Zinco-Ioduro-Osmio ZIO esofago intestino tenue crasso topo opossum metodo visione globale distribuzione delle ICC parete muscolare intestinale bassa specificità ICC colora neuroni cellule tessuto connettivo fibroblasti affinità colorazione ZIO cellule identificate ICC microscopio elettronico fibroblasti identificazione depositi ZIO elettronicamente opachi caratteristiche ultrastrutturali ICC stomaco ratto distribuzione ICC parete muscolare gastrica impregnazione ZIO regioni stomaco ratto stomaco anteriore corpus antrum campioni ratti albini adulti Wistar anestesia totale soluzione colorazione ZIO iodio cristallino 100 ml acqua distillata becher vetro mescolati 75 g zinco polvere miscela agitata formazione ioduro zinco depositare 10 minuti filtrata ioduro zinco esperimento Tre parti ioduro zinco parte soluzione tetrossido osmio 2% colorazione finale miscela fissativa impregnato annodamento estremità cardiale pilorica immerso soluzione bottiglia vetro ermeticamente chiusa temperatura ambiente lavaggio acqua distillata stomaco tagliato strisce trasversali trattato microscopio elettronico strisce fissati aldeide glutarica tamponata cacodilato 2% pH 74 posttrattati tetrossido osmio tamponato fosfato 1% pH 74 campioni colorati ZIO deidratati acetone inclusi Epon stampi piatti sezioni semi-sottili ultra-sottili ultramicrotomo Porter-Blum MT1 sezioni semi-sottili campioni fissati routine colorate blu di toluidina microscopio ottico colorate con acetato uranile soluzione nitrato basico bismuto microscopio elettronico Siemens Elmiskop 1A e 102 regioni gastriche strati muscolari circolari longitudinali plesso mioenterico disseminate strato muscolare circolare allineate margine submucosale strato muscolare circolare citoplasma denso chiaro forma allungata sottili diramazioni laterali nucleo posizione centrale gran numero cisterne filamenti reticolo endoplasmatico liscio citoplasma caveole membrana plasmatica contatti cellula-cellula cellule muscolari lisce terminazioni nervose stomaco ghiolare corpus antrus stomaco anteriore sezioni semi-sottili cellule colorate ZIO ICC posizione identificate ultrastrutturalmente dimensione esame microscopio elettronico completamente impregnate depositi ioduro di zinco caratteristiche citologiche tipiche ICC depositi ioduro di zinco identificabili contatti cellula-cellula ICC formati cellule muscolari lisce terminazioni nervose cellule fibroblasti depositi ioduro di zinco identificate fibroblasti caratteristiche citologiche specifiche reticolo endoplasmatico rugoso apparato Golgi membrana basale caveole contatti cellula-cellula cellule muscolari lisce terminazioni nervose tipo cellula depositi ioduro zinco presenti grosse quantità cellule nervose fibre Depositi simili caveole cellule muscolari lisce citoplasma tipo cellula Aging Emotional Memory Forgettable Nature Negative Images Older Adults studies examined age differences recall recognition memory positive negative neutral stimuli Study younger middle-aged older adults shown images computer screen distraction task recall identify previously shown images set old new relative number negative images compared positive neutral images recalled decreased successively older age group Recognition memory showed decrease age relative memory advantage negative pictures Study largest age differences recall recognition accuracy negative images Findings consistent socioemotional selectivity posits greater investment emotion regulation age past decade major shift theorists view emotional functioning old age Early ories portrayed later life blunted affect emotional dysregulation emotions conceptualized primarily physiological processes presumed follow downward trajectory observed biological arenas influential conjecture evidence Currently growing number empirical studies revealed age-related pattern better characterized relatively positive emotional experience improved emotional age negative affect experienced less frequently positive affect frequently daily life Socioemotional selectivity findings motivational terms arguing age people place increasingly emotionally meaningful goals invest cognitive behavioural resources emphasis emotional goals emotion regulation extent motivation influences cognitive processes memory emotionally relevant information vary age studies explore relation emotional valence information memory performance across adult life span<br />Socioemotional Selectivity Socioemotional selectivity life-span theory motivation predicts enhanced emotion regulation age According time perspective is dominating force structures human motivations goals contends humans conscious subconscious awareness time left life perceived boundaries time direct attention emotionally meaningful aspects life time perceived expansive healthy young adults goal striving related motivations center acquiring information Novelty valued <br />investments made expanding horizons limited emotional experience assumes primacy<br />people motivated monitor select environments optimize emotional meaningfulness emotional functioning supported empirical evidence younger people approaching life<br />similar motivational changes chronological age related socioemotional selectivity theory regulation emotional maintenance positive affect decrease negative affect<br />age studies using self-report measures frequency positive affect sminimal change study found positive affect older people Older adults report feeling anxiety depression greater contentment younger adults older age associated shorter durations negative mood day noticeable decrease positive emotions literature emotional surgency emotion similar excitement emotional experiences older younger adults report higher levels control external processes successfully hiding feelings internal processes actively enhancing mood mounting evidence people regulate emotional experience equally understanding processes accomplished sorely lacking research team informally asked scores regulate emotions during difficult periods lives people respond answer I just don’t think about problems or worries statement seemed insight how older adults regulating feelings consistency responses possibility processing positive negative information vary function age emphasis negative information moods encoding extent rehearsing using successful retrieval strategies remember negative daily experiences basis premise concerning age differences processing negative positive information directed research role memory positive negative experiences cognitive processes role emotion regulation Memory Process Emotion Regulation Memory direct retrieval elaborative process current goals influence constructions conceptualized self-regulatory process events people individuals retrieve memory influence influenced well-being Socioemotional selectivity increasing importance placed emotionally valenced information age studies examined extent age-related change influence memory Testing older people disproportionately better memory emotional emotionally neutral information Carstensen Turk-Charles 1994 administered incidental memory test sample aged 20 83 years proportion emotional information recalled increased successive age group Studies focused source monitoring similar pattern Hashtroudi Johnson Chrosniak 1990 asked older younger adults first read imagine everyday situations recall content source content researchers thoughts feelings evaluative statements younger counterparts based confidence ratings concerning memory performance amount emotional detail perceptual detail recalled patterns memory distortion control conditions resemble older younger adults specifically directed focus emotions spontaneously Rationale association emphasis distinguished between positive negative material unclear age effect differences memory positive material contention memory associated self-regulation effect equivalent general increase emotion salience associated age regulatory benefits negative information impression formation negative information negativity bias memory positivity bias autobiographical information types self-relevant Baumeister et al 2001 negativity bias memory counteracted elf-enhancement processes promote memory positive traits actions advancing age shift negative information controlling for memory accuracy retrospective reports psychological distress experienced prior week biased single negative experience stressful day performance task including positive negative free recall recognition memory positive negative neutral images Age associated reliable decrements recall age differences minimized heuristic automatic processes observed similar patterns recall recognition tasks life span memorable relative number images emotional valence recalled recognized timed presentation role attention alternative explanation mood congruency relationship memory positive negative material self-directed processing influenced current motivations goals Younger middle-aged older adults included study age trajectories across adulthood emotional images include pictures people neutral images include nonsocial scenes equal proportions social nonsocial images emotion category control potential confound Results Discussionrecall corrected recognition scores analyzed repeated measures linear model between in-subjects factors Emotional valence image in-subject factor age group between-subjects factor analyses demographic information socioeconomic status gender ethnicity additional between subjects variables Recall coders matched written recall responses corresponding images agreed 9715% images coders reached consensus over discrepancies participants people generated matched stimuli number responses coded increasing age group yielding significantly different overall means younger middle-aged older groups Across participants average emotional valence positive negative neutral repeated measures analysis of variance ANOVA 95% confidence intervals across socioeconomic status gender ethnicity analysis demographic variables between-subjects variables modified Bonferroni significance test likelihood Type I error exploratory analyses interactions criterion considered analysis main effect emotional valence Recognition memory Corrected recognition novel false alarms proportion correctly identified hits Numbers hits false alarms positive negative neutral images Response bias calculated using C values C above zero conservative bias C below zero liberal bias interaction of age valence post hoc comparison main effects modified Bonferroni significance level F values p values blue-collar vs white-collar emotionally meaningful experiences age differences reduced cognitive focus emotional well-being cognitive processing Mood congruency Bower 1981Extrapolating across life span rival depressive symptoms negative affect scale PANAS CES-D scores statistical significance coders matched uncodeable response not significantly different recognition task immediately prior to recalling m People who engaged in recognition task repeated measures ANOVA differences in arousal modified Bonferonni alpha level p Recognition memory Corrected recognition ordering effects criterion recall recognition task indicate age-related decrease memory negative stimuli responsible interaction Younger adults superior memory negative images relative positive neutral images recall recognition memory tasks older adults recalled recognized positive negative images attentional biases dot probe paradigm presented faces computer screen neutral face angry face stimuli competing initial attention looking time sustained attention sustained attention age differences memory capture difference focus personal connections positive images differential encoding processes diminished memory negative material memory benefit age differences valenced patterns reduced performance negative stimuli mood congruency negative affect recalled automated processes Socioemotional selectivity theory goals motivational emphasis emotion regulation age differences goals consistent implications goal changes cognitive processing emotion regulation associated decreased performance negative material memory process influenced motivational goals function age sample age groups racial minority majority members men women blue white collar workers stringent test governing mechanism socioemotional selectivity perception of time sex race socioeconomic status Age Differences Recall Recognition Emotional Valence shift memory performance Enhanced memory negative images consistent recognition tasks comparable memory positive negative material recognized greater proportion negative images Age-associated reductions memory complement consistent duration frequency negative emotions negative expressions social interactions current studies Age Valence interaction negative stimuli Developmental tasks learning information world establishing relationships negative conflict special significance adaptation early life focus processed less efficiently energy reserves Valence interactions positive information recalled neutral images younger adults recall recall recognition recognition task relative age-related decreases replication pattern task self-paced greater performance first recall task memory performance process research team Amygdala activation activation intriguing possibility implicating encoding beginning perceived time left pattern findings experimentally manipulated time perspective obtained motivational changes emotion regulation skills process emotional information complex negative frameworks cohorts socialized remember information possibilities researchers physiological changes differences processing different valences Age differences material different valences increased performance emotional material neutral material cognitive decline Hasher Zacks 1988 failures executive functioning age-related increases emotional detail Inhibition failures task-irrelevant material emotional material sustained activation heightened distractibility increased forgetfulness longer response latencies Hashtroudi et al 1990 thoughts feelings failures inhibitory mechanisms models of inhibitory decline motivational view recall performance dementing conditions healthy same-aged controls Alzheimer’s disease bias emotional material subset differences arousal negativity bias negative salient potent dominant event-related potentials physiological studies negativity stimuli negative stimuli arousal physiological response Negative emotions physiological functioning hierarchical linear modeling mood congruency mood congruency negative affect recall negative stimuli hypothesis failed to explain age differences mood into account older adults recognized recalled mood congruency account motivational shifts emotion regulation mood congruency arousal level interaction healthy chronically ill young middle-aged older adults incidental memory tasks coding tasks used paradigms emotional images content casual conversation safe experimental environment negative longitudinal studies developmental processes<br />cohort effects attention storage retrieval processes memorial sequence evident processes socioemotional selectivity regulation of emotion increases importance age more cognitive resources memory emotionally information neutral information<br />manner reduces performance negative information<br /><br /><br />Keywords accident emergency burnout emergency c nursing stress<br />Burnout nursing staff accident emergency acute medicine comparative study Journal of Clinical Nursing Emergency Nursing study identify prevalence of burnout nurses working Accident Emergency A & E acute medicine establish factors contribute stress burnout determine experiences nurses affected highlight effects patient c determine stress burnout effects individuals outside clinical setting triangulated research design used incorporating quantitative qualitative methods Maslach burnout Inventory used Nurses working acute medicine experienced levels emotional exhaustion A & E counterparts level depersonalization low High levels personal accomplishment experienced Junior members staff Stress burnout reaching effects nurses clinical practice personal lives nurses work current environment issues being tackled burnout result science nursing painful recognition existence stress burnout first steps prevention Nursing staff working as Accident Emergency A & E acute medicine spend considerable time during working day intense interactions people nature A & E department physically demanding nurses continually faced heavy demands pity sympathy compassion Malach-Pines 2000 service nurses work cost-conscious ethos practitioners meeting expectations Maslach et al 1996 persons work people under circumstances chronic stress emotionally draining burnout Professional issues clinical nursing Research focus investigating prevalence burnout medical staff UK Farrington 1999 main reasons why nurses National Health Service NHS prevent increasing levels stress burnout burnout nursing staff hard evidence extent Walsh 1998 study various aspects burnout nurses A & E department acute medical ward NHS Trust term burnout used nursing literature synonymously stress literature suggest term stress used everyday language process coping daily rigours life present Thompson 1994 stress demand physical mental energy stress related physiological problems definition stress harmful pressures excessive Stress first stage chronic process specific interventions implemented individual experience burnout Freudenberger 1994 coined term burnout observing fatigue frustrations caused excessive resources staff working US Duquette et al 1997 suggested manifestations burnout related work stress sustained time reported individuals exhibit psychological psycho-physiologicnl behavioural symptoms burnout described hnemorrhaging depletion energy personal resources end leaving individuals help negative Farringtun 1999- burnout manifest professionals aspects caring Severinnson Kamaker 1999 Hannigan et aL 2000 nurses view burnout occupational hazard Benner Wrubel 1984 indicated experienced burnout nursing series alienated clinical colleagues nursing series technical tasks caring active sense Client core people work Bakker et al 1996 clients bring problems caregivers problems generate tensions caregiver resolve problems insufficient training shortage personnel lack support colleagues establishment Vincent Billings 1988 burnout related poor management Boyle 1991 good networks staff helped reduce burnout MeGrath et al 1985 nurses experienced burnout reduced sense personal accomplishment sense failure cannot work Hudak Gallo 1994 burnout critical nurses leave function women experience burnout male counterparts emotionally involved Almberg et a/ 1997 Pitman Wlow 2000 men minting deeper levels caring commitment female counterparts females working day replicate significant experiences childhood dreams expectations family members Almberg etal 1997 individuals profession high expectations caring professions personality type open effects stress burnout Koivulu Paimoncn 2000 notion burnout originate nursing work characteristics worker environment burnout documented nursing disciplines detrimental effects demonstrated effects absence work being tears outbursts individuals high expectations face hurdles quality nursing conflict symptoms manifest individuals unable cope Nurse education university-based students encouraged knowledgeable practical proactive questioning doers Personality types individual susceptible Dedicated Type individual committed personality work Over committed Persons tend personality unsatisfactory life outside work Authoritarian type individual personality control job strive implement current evidence practitioners enhance quality patient clinical setting staff shortages implementation difficult Students climate unable fashion encouraged resulting patients skills individuals worked Loss control closely linked burnout Schmitz et al 2000 individuals resolve inherent difficulties daily work loss control Dolan 1998 lack control central component experienced burnout nurses control events lives vulnerable stress burnout nurses personal control social skills training increase problem solving practical skills Spence 1994 increase autonomy clinical individuals exert control Individuals working verbal physical aggression prevalent likely experience effects burnout Coflby 1999- Walsh 1998 A & E fitted requirements relation prevalence verbal physical aggression Individuals working ability personal quality crucial therapeutic relationships Nursing traditionally female dominated profession Howard 1999 inherent pitfalls female organizations violence Whitehom 1097 A & E argued violence insidious pervasive environmental stressors police risk actual violence person American study Whitehgrn 1997 nurses experienced verbal abuse experienced attempts physical harm victims physical attacks Effects burnout degree dysfunction exhaustion Tavarcs 1994 Nurses varying symptoms reduced self-esteem lack confidence poor job satisfaction inability relax enjoy inability things perspective balanced judgements burnout disease commitment Cherniss 1980 constant desire achieve behavioural terms Maslach 1982 nursing lacking concern detached impersonal dehumanizing Tavs 1994 innocent victims negative factors control secret contributors egocentric attitudes Melchoir et at 1996 lack support central nurses burnout increased absenteeism reduction productivity Lack support backup Dolan 1998 significant factors staffing problems Edwards et al 2000 social interpersonal implications symptoms contagious colleagues Relationships individuals irritable short-tempered coping strategies combat Millar Burnard 1994 nursing profession stresses leading personal responsibility nurses attention adjusting working environment limited attention stress management workplace Koivula Paunoncn 2000 managers underestimate risks involved require knowledge development phenomena insight lasting effects return hospital style matrons local issues nursing colleagues Stordeur et al 2001 appropriate NHS innovation implemented top down approach approach increase prevalence burnout nurses managers continue exert control Stordeur et al 2001 nurses anger managers fear retaliation redirect anger peers managerial positions recognize suffering employees difficulty admitting error plans working Schmitz et al 2000 Green 1996 denial problem resulting managers workforce Smoking Crying Increased alcohol Walsh 1998 amount evidence prevalence effects contributing factors determining effects individuals clinical netting qualitative research triangulated research design quantitative qualitative methods used Polit Hungler 1993 multiple methods data collection interpretation phenomena accurate representation Focus group Parahoo 1998 data analysis Non-parametric tests strength relationships target population age gender clinical grade comparison clinical settings Maslach burnout inventory Maslach et al 1996 focuses work individuals statement 22-point questionnaire tool piloted tested reliability validity consistency widely tested using Cronbach coefficient alpha Hannigan et aL 2000 tool assess three aspects burnout syndrome emotional exhaustion depersonalization personal accomplishment 22-point questionnaire three subscales high sores emotional exhaustion depersonalization risk burnout low scores subscales Personal experiences under-represented available literature open-ended question respondents identify response rate clinical settings daily work Content analysis work pressures management medical staff Emotional exhaustion emotionally overextended exhausted increased prevalence working acute medicine experience higher levels exhaustion Statistical analysis Mann-Whitney Test revealed working acute medicine experienced fatigue P = 0039 experienced medium levels emotional exhaustion high levels exhaustion counterparts Statistical analysis emotional exhaustion rank P-value relaxed atmosphere Acute high levels exhaustion years of experience observation emotional exhaustion subscales correlation between years experience clinical grade relation levels emotional exhaustion No significance P = univariate analysis of variance Individual items pertaining subscale yielding responses occurring Depersonalization subscale measures Analysis highlighted No statistical significance between burnout Hayter 1999 Personal accomplishment subscale sampled clinical settings Statistical analysis Kruskal-Wallis test revealed Focus group interviews relax reflection roam building Relationship partners siblings total response rate acute medical ward interpreting findings sample sizes important indicator highlighting issues study Emotional exhaustion result nurses working acute medicine experience lower response rate already experiencing demanding working environment time during working day Staff shortages figured prominently layout clinical valuable time resources equipment increasingly used fill gaps roster Skill mix weekends holidays night shift identified major issues Junior nurses wards prevalent between grades stress burnout prevalent Chapman 1997 clinically active Cost-effectiveness DHSSPS 2002 stress burnout coupled increase workload staff perceived patients increasing expectation what service aggression physical verbal ward setting staff workload meal breaks clinical setting managerial positions Vincent & Billings 1988 increasing levels poor leadership management styles literature indicates managers Green 1996<br />emotional exhaustion group reflection Taylor 2000 existing practice potential improvements change team building highlighted factor contributing stress Wright 2000 morning workplace individuals Content analysis heavily dependent support medical Senior House Officers professional boundaries Length shifts reported mentally draining Shift patterns rotation night duty individuals concentrate Statistical analysis Nurses acute medicine source stress trolleys dehumanizing embarrassing Goldberg et al 1996 unremitting stress demonstrate negativity Walsh 1998 subscale researcher sampled experienced low levels extreme pressures NHS individualized Hudak & Gallo 1994 denial of self devalued depersonalized unrecognized Bailey 1988 burnout clinical skills pathway Facilities families interactions Admission hospital crisis patient family Viney 1996 interactions anxiety increased reassurance better co-operation improved rapport mutual understanding Quinn 1996 health assistants provide paperwork Statistical analysis nurses working A & E likely create relaxed atmosphere acute medicine related higher prevalence emotional exhaustion nurses working acute medicine analysis revealed clinical practice create relaxed atmosphere findings accomplishment decreases support view studies contributing level accomplishment experienced clinical staff Hayter 1999 interpretation study highlighted stress clinical individuals personal lives Coping mechanisms smoking alcohol consumption help nurses busy shift Ceslowitz 1989 palliative coping mechanisms fundamental problems untouched Heyworth 1993 argued greater support networks interpersonal relationships teamwork healthy methods of raising morale lowering stress Personal relationship problems highlighted attributed long working hours changes shifts short notice irritable had difficulty relaxing directing outbursts loved research little attention current research sample small numbers findings generalized consent forms Purahoo 1998 multiple comparisons parametric testing non-parametric statistical procedures used study enhanced validity reliability likelihood bias gender levels burnout Hayter 1999 link sample sizes Stress burnout clinical practice outside clinical acute medicine exhausted counterparts A & ET Individuals holistic individualized end result perception patients perspective future research Urgent attention support required tackle identified issues occupational hazard permanent damage science nursing prevention<br /><br /><br />Proprietà batteriostatiche biomatrici contro comuni patogeni ortopedici Innesti tessuto ingegnerizzato rigenerazione tessuti cellule mature cellule progenitrici seminate biomatrici forma sostegno sviluppo tessuto biomateriali popolari chirurgia ortopedica collagene tipo I acido ialuronico idrossiapatite acido polilattico-co-glicolico PLGA biomatrici proprietà batteriostatiche utili promuovere sopravvivenza innesto tessuto ingegnerizzato pazienti suscettibili infezione effetti batteriostatici biomateriali crescita patogeni batterici ortopedici comuni Staphylococcus Aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococco beta emolitico Pseudomonas aeruginosa acido ialuronico maggiori effetti batteriostatici patogeni crescita batterica in media % p = idrossiapatite collagene rispettivamente PLGA batteriostasi bassa inibizione media non significativo crescita Streptococco beta emolitico e P aeruginosa trattamento pazienti ortopedici perdita ossea trauma tumore anomalia congenita limitata capacità rigenerazione ossea potenzialità complicazioni infezione progressi ingegnerizzazione tissutale mezzi efficaci crescita tessuto rigenerativo tecniche ingegnerizzazione tissutale biomateriali tridimensionali biomatrici seminate cellule mature progenitrici difetto biomateriale idoneo caratteristiche biochimiche distribuzione cellula biocompatibilità biodegradabilità impedire sviluppo fenotipico cellule target in vitro in vivo biomateriali popolari matrici applicazioni ortopediche collagene di tipo I acido ialuronico idrossiapatite polimeri lineari acido polilattico PLA acido poliglicolico PGA copolimeri PLGA materiali proprietà mutevoli forza meccanica biocompatibilità pattern degradazione idrossiapatite materiale ceramico fosfato calcio riparazione ossea impalcatura superficie rivestimento protesi proprietà osteoconduttive tempo degradazione biomateriali popolarità capacità promuovere crescita ossea reazione immunologica granulomatosa fibrosa impianto trapianto materiali rivestimento popolari polimeri collagene biomateriale derivazione tissutale collagene tipo I costituente ossa pelle tendini rivestimento ingegnerizzazione tissutale collagene espansore innesto osseo proprietà osteoconduttive rivestimento deposizione minerale acido ialuronico costituente fondamentale matrice extracellulare cartilagine ialina componente solubile fluido articolazione normale capacità significativa indurre formazione ossea biocompatibile versatile tipi variabili rivestimenti crescente popolarità materiale biomatrice PLGA classe copolimeri biodegradabili proprietà meccaniche degradazione necessità clinica materiali scarsa capacità indurre formazione osso biocompatibilità materiale sutura versatilità costruzione rivestimento materiali PLGA ambiente siliceo sito impianto induce risposta infiammatoria materiale matrice ingegnerizzazione tissutale siti impianto pazienti ortopedici infezione contaminazione perdita tessuto ischemia locale danno vascolarizzazione vascolare significativo riduzione penetrazione antibiotici associazione riduzione vascolarizzazione sangue studi procedure chirurgiche rigenerative cellule biocompatibili incorporano sostanze contaminazione batterica innesti tessuti ingegnerizzati ferita circostante chirurgia ortopedica negativamente formazione attaccamento tessuto connettivo tessuto osseo cartilagine trattamento chirurgico fratture aperte probabilità contaminazione batterica ambiente riparazione fratture aperte tecniche ingegnerizzazione tissutale trauma perdita ossea distacco periostio tessuti molli ischemia locale ischemia locale con infarto tessuto danno vascolarizzazione combinata formazione ematoma crescita batteri introduzione protesi mezzi di fissazione interna rischio infezione introduzione materiale estraneo corpo prevenzione contenimento contaminazione batterica sito ferita significativamente esito clinico terapia ingegnerizzazione tissutale sviluppo biomatrice rivestimento efficace crescita cellulare tessuti ingegnerizzati batteriostatiche bio-materiale ideale chirurgia ortopedica significativamente sopravvivenza innesto esito valutare potenziali effetti batteriostatici materiali biomatrice crescita patogeni batterici ortopedici comuni patogeni Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococco b-emolitico Pseudomonas aeruginosa S aureus S epidermidis causa frequente infezioni protesi effetto batteriostatico matrici batteri selezionati esistenza proprietà antibatteriche biomateriali superiore guarigione ferita capacità rigenerativa innesto Materiali metodi Preparazione dei materiale matrice materiali matrice collagene tipo I Helistat Integra Lifesciences Plainsboro New Jersey acido ialuronico Hyaff-11 Fidia Advanced Biopolymers Abano Terme Italia idrossiapatite Collagraft Zimmer Warsaw Indiana acido polilattico-co-glicolico PLGA lactel85/15 polyDL DL-lactideco- - glycolide Birmingham Polymers Birmingham Alabama <br /><br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />Proprietà batteriostatiche biomatrici comuni patogeni ortopedici Innesti tessuto ingegnerizzato rigenerazione tessuti cellule mature cellule progenitrici seminate biomatrici ma sostegno sviluppo tessuto biomateriali popolari chirurgia ortopedica collagene tipo I acido ialuronico idrossiapatite acido polilattico-co-glicolico PLGA biomatrici proprietà batteriostatiche utili promuovere sopravvivenza innesto tessuto ingegnerizzato pazienti suscettibili infezione effetti batteriostatici biomateriali crescita patogeni batterici ortopedici comuni Staphylococcus Aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococco beta emolitico Pseudomonas aeruginosa acido ialuronico maggiori effetti batteriostatici patogeni crescita batterica in media % p = idrossiapatite collagene rispettivamente PLGA batteriostasi bassa inibizione media non significativo crescita Streptococco beta emolitico e P aeruginosa trattamento pazienti ortopedici perdita ossea trauma tumore anomalia congenita limitata capacità rigenerazione ossea potenzialità complicazioni infezione progressi ingegnerizzazione tissutale mezzi efficaci crescita tessuto rigenerativo tecniche ingegnerizzazione tissutale biomateriali tridimensionali biomatrici seminate cellule mature progenitrici difetto biomateriale idoneo caratteristiche biochimiche distribuzione cellula biocompatibilità biodegradabilità impedire sviluppo fenotipico cellule target in vitro in vivo biomateriali popolari matrici applicazioni ortopediche collagene di tipo I acido ialuronico idrossiapatite polimeri lineari acido polilattico PLA acido poliglicolico PGA copolimeri PLGA materiali proprietà mutevoli za meccanica biocompatibilità pattern degradazione idrossiapatite materiale ceramico fosfato calcio riparazione ossea impalcatura superficie rivestimento protesi proprietà osteoconduttive tempo degradazione biomateriali popolarità capacità promuovere crescita ossea reazione immunologica granulomatosa fibrosa impianto trapianto materiali rivestimento popolari polimeri collagene biomateriale derivazione tissutale collagene tipo I costituente ossa pelle tendini rivestimento ingegnerizzazione tissutale collagene espansore innesto osseo proprietà osteoconduttive rivestimento deposizione minerale acido ialuronico costituente fondamentale matrice extracellulare cartilagine ialina componente solubile fluido articolazione normale capacità significativa indurre mazione ossea biocompatibile versatile tipi variabili rivestimenti crescente popolarità materiale biomatrice PLGA classe copolimeri biodegradabili proprietà meccaniche degradazione necessità clinica materiali scarsa capacità indurre mazione osso biocompatibilità materiale sutura versatilità costruzione rivestimento materiali PLGA ambiente siliceo sito impianto induce risposta infiammatoria materiale matrice ingegnerizzazione tissutale siti impianto pazienti ortopedici infezione contaminazione perdita tessuto ischemia locale danno vascolarizzazione vascolare significativo riduzione penetrazione antibiotici associazione riduzione vascolarizzazione sangue studi procedure chirurgiche rigenerative cellule biocompatibili incorporano sostanze contaminazione batterica innesti tessuti ingegnerizzati ferita circostante chirurgia ortopedica negativamente mazione attaccamento tessuto connettivo tessuto osseo cartilagine trattamento chirurgico fratture aperte probabilità contaminazione batterica ambiente riparazione fratture aperte tecniche ingegnerizzazione tissutale trauma perdita ossea distacco periostio tessuti molli ischemia locale ischemia locale con infarto tessuto danno vascolarizzazione combinata mazione ematoma crescita batteri introduzione protesi mezzi di fissazione interna rischio infezione introduzione materiale estraneo corpo prevenzione contenimento contaminazione batterica sito ferita significativamente esito clinico terapia ingegnerizzazione tissutale sviluppo biomatrice rivestimento efficace crescita cellulare tessuti ingegnerizzati batteriostatiche bio-materiale ideale chirurgia ortopedica significativamente sopravvivenza innesto esito valutare potenziali effetti batteriostatici materiali biomatrice crescita patogeni batterici ortopedici comuni patogeni Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococco b-emolitico Pseudomonas aeruginosa S aureus S epidermidis causa frequente infezioni protesi effetto batteriostatico matrici batteri selezionati esistenza proprietà antibatteriche biomateriali superiore guarigione ferita capacità rigenerativa innesto Materiali metodi Preparazione materiale matrice materiali matrice collagene tipo I Helistat Integra Lifesciences Plainsboro New Jersey acido ialuronico Hyaff-11 Fidia Advanced Biopolymers Abano Terme Italia idrossiapatite Collagraft Zimmer Warsaw Indiana acido polilattico-co-glicolico PLGA lactel85/15 polyDL DL-lactideco- - glycolide Birmingham Polymers Birmingham Alabama collagene acido ialuronico idrossiapatite preparazioni disponibili commercio matrice PLGA 85% acido poliglicolico 15% acido polilattico 200-300mm dimensione poro polimeri disponibili in commercio miscela PLGA laboratorio matrice tessuto Collagraft miscela perline porose composte 60% idrossiapatite 40% fosfato tricalcico cartilagine fibrillare bovina Helistat collagene tendine profondo bovino fonti collagene tipo I ottenuto dimensione clinicamente riparazione difetto profondità mm x mm x mm strutture materiale matrice dimensioni cinque campioni materiale peso medio materiale stardizzare campioni pesi materiali matrice collagene mg acido ialuronico mg idrossiapatite mg PLGA mg collagene acido ialuronico idrossiapatite sterili fabbricante sterilizzati irradiazione g matrici preparato PLGA sterilizzate lavaggio iniziale etanolo 100% 30 min lavaggi consecutivi 30 min etanolo 70% matrici PLGA soluzione sterile salina tamponata con fosfato metodo sterilizzazione etanolo lli matrice brodo matrici sterili risultati materiali sterili pozzetti singoli piastra coltura 24 pozzetti materiale cappa pressione positiva prevenire contaminazione materiale llo Ceppi batterici batteri S Aureus ATCC 29923 S epidermidis ATCC 12228 Streptococco b-emolitico ATCC 19615 P aeruginosa ATCC 27853 organismi pattern suscettibilità ceppi insoliti ceppi coltivati aerobicamente 37°_su piastre agar sangue BBL Media Becton-Dickinson Microbiology Systems inoculo iniziale 15 x 108 organismi millilitro preparati brodo Mueller-Hinton misurazioni densità ottica soluzioni stock solution batteri concentrazione 103 organismi millilitro Set-up sperimentale esperimento triplice materiale matrice combinazione batteri campione materiale inoculato 100ml stock solution batteriche lli batterici separati matrice lli matrice brodo batteri campioni microlitri llo batterico piastrati piastre agar sangue numero iniziale batteri millilitro piastra agar sangue piastre 24 pozzetti incubate 37°C condizioni aerobiche CO2 5% corso esperimento Determinazione attività batteriostatica effetto antimicrobico biomateriali determinato conta batteri vitali esposizione biomateriali 16 12 h raccolta campioni colture sperimentali lli ansa loop 1ml inoculare piastre agar sangue procedura inoculazione totale 2ml prelievo campione pozzetti campione ansa sterile minimo “effetto prato” batterio campioni materiale piastre incubato 24 h conta colonia P aeruginosa conta accurata colonia 12h crescita piastre capacità contate numero colonie unità CFU Colony ming Units CFU convertito numero organismi millilitro proprietà batteriostatiche crescita campione materiale matrice batteri lli batteri termine “Batteriostatico” inibizione crescita batterica condizione sperimentale Analisi statistica media tre misurazioni condizione sperimentale llo valore esito stime curve crescita analisi statistica analisi regressione curve crescita tipo batterico combinazione trattamento matrice regressione termine lineare quadratico condizione sperimentale tipo batterio intercetta equazioni regressione fit esame grafico valori osservati previsti correlazione P aeruginosa analisi sei ore soppressione percentuale crescita determinata area curve crescita condizione lli batterici termine analisi tasso crescita curva crescita termine crescita strumento valutare tasso medio soppressione ponderazione singoli ceppi batteri t test confronto batterio llo sperimentali significanza statistica p <005 tasso crescita veloce tempo raddoppio 73 min S epidermidis crescita lenta tempo raddoppio 110 min studio contaminazione incrociata batteri culture batteriche vitali periodo fine analisi lli matrice batteri crescita batterica studio materiali sterili esposizione effetto puramente battericida ceppi batterici S aureus S epidermidis Streptococco b-emolitico effetto batteriostatico soppressione P aeruginosa conta batteri dodici ore S aureus S epidermidis Streptococco b-emolitico colture P aeruginosa curve crescita condizioni sperimentali collagene tipo I S epidermidis Streptococco b-emolitico S aureus significanza statistica % ± p = acido ialuronico proprietà batteriostatiche significative organismi acido ialuronico effetto batteriostatico statisticamente significativo ceppi batterici P aeruginosa trend soppressione P aeruginosa proprietà batteriostatiche statisticamente significative trend di soppressione impatto significativo crescita biomatrici innesti tessuto ingegnerizzato cellule seminate sopra matrici siti impianto pazienti ortopedici sono sp suscettibili infezione contaminazione perdita tessuto ischemia locale danno vascolarizzazione integrità impianto patogeni infezioni fratture aperte biomatrice sopprimere inibire crescita patogeni maniera significativa esiti clinici Curve crescita curve crescita normali P aeruginosa tasso crescita rapido batteri S epidermidis lento numero batteri/mL ore coltura tasso soppressione negativa crescita batteri accelerata matrice Pseudomonas aeruginosa tasso soppressione negativa effetto batteriostatico statisticamente significativo S aureus numero batteri/mL ore coltura Curve crescita Staphylococcus epidermidis biomatrici effetto batteriostatico statisticamente significativo S epidermidis valori p Curve crescita Streptococco b-emolitico acido ialuronico collagene effetto batteriostatico statisticamente significativo Streptococco b-emolitico PLGA significativamente crescita Streptococco b-emolitico numero di batteri/mL ore di coltura Curve di crescita Pseudomonas aeruginosa idrossiapatite unico effetto batteriostatico significativo P aeruginosa acido ialuronico trend batteriostatico PLGA accelerato significativamente crescita P aeruginosa trend accelerazione crescita numero batteri/mL ore di coltura integrazione protesica tessuto ospite “gara per la superficie” cellule ospite batteri proprietà materiali promuovere crescita tessuto materiale suscettibile invasioni batteriche proprietà materiali composizione carica superficiale morfologia superficiale struttura chimica ph pressione osmotica concentrazione ionica area circonda impianto influenzano microambiente superficie materiale cellule ospite batteri impianto protesico batteri biomateriali batteriostatici crescita patogeni combinazione risposta immunitaria adeguata ospite effetto batteriostatico biomatrice prevenzione infezione clinicamente significativa potenzialmente struttura tessuto ingegnerizzato numero materiali proprietà batteriostatiche batteriostasi_ inibizione soppressione crescita normale tempo stard tempo materiale inibire sopprimere crescita batteriostatico Studi precedenti materiali matrice extra-cellulare sottomucosa intestino tenue vescica urinaria maiale attività antimicrobica Escherichia Coli S aureus riduzione attività substrato rivestito livelli diversi fibronectina S epidermidis densità proteine ligi superficie vetro bioattivo dimostrato attività antimicrobica Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Porphyromonas Gingivalis Actinomyces naeslundii Streptococcus mutans Streptococcus sanguis tempo di osservazione 12 h effetto batteriostatico impianto effetto batteriostatico corpo difesa naturale prevenire colonizzazione batterica sito impianto biomateriali esaminati in studio mostrato effetti diversi crescita batteri acido ialuronico effetto batteriostatico maggiore batteri pratica ortopedica acido ialuronico effetto batteriostatico patogeni cavità orale proprietà batteriostatiche saturazione enzima ialuronato liasi prodotto batteri difese fisiche ospite ialuronato liasi fattore propagazione batteri patogeni catalizza degradazione acido ialuronico condroitinsolfati b-eliminazione enzimatica acido ialuronico matrice extracellulare degradazione batterica espansione batteri ceppi Streptococcus Streptococco b-emolitico Propionibacterium PeptoStreptococcus Staphylococcus Streptomyces permeabilità tessuto ruolo nziale infezioni ferite polmonite sepsi colture Streptococcus Pneumoniae ialuronato liasi mezzi liquidi frazioni associate cellula enzima circolante invasione batterica interno ospite effetto batteriostatico acido ialuronico saturazione ialuronato liasi batterica acido ialuronico batterio livelli elevati permeabilità tessuto capacità sistema immunitario ospite patogeni molecole acido ialuronico rete casuale catene setaccio diffusione batteri matrici effetto batteriostatico inferiore idrossiapatite ceramica fosfato calcio effetti batteriostatici significativi S epidermidis P aeruginosa S epidermidis idrossiapatite inibizione accelerazione crescita S aureus risultati differenze proprietà idrossiapatite composizione processo lavorazione studio dimostrato idrossiapatite superficie caricata negativamente aumento adesione tasso proliferazione batterio interazione elettrostatica superficie cellula superficie idrossiapatite soppressione effetto carica materiale ioni materiale quantità materiale numero batteri inoculazione matrici collagene tipo I popolari ingegnerizzazione tissutale capacità matrice collagene tipo I osso matrici collagene crescita Streptococco b-emolitico S epidermidis meccanismo soppressione crescita S aureus paragonabile S aureus molecola di adesione al collagene diretta gene cna tessuti alta concentrazione collagene cartilagine osso infezione Staphylococcus rivestimenti collagene tipo I matrici PLGA ambiente acido degrada meccanismo di soppressione S aureus pratica ortopedica PLGA bacteriostasi minima livello di soppressione dipendente singoli batteri biomatrice sopravvivenza innesto tessuto ingegnerizzato arco temporale concentrazioni iniziali ceppi batterici batteri anaerobici common Tissue-engineered grafts tissue regeneration mature progenitor cells seeded onto shape support loping tissue Popular surgery collagen type I ialuronic acid idrossiapatite polylactic polyglycolic acid PLGA Biomatrici batteriostatiche properties promoting tissue-engineered graft survival patients susceptible infection growth bacterial inhibiting bacterial growth average bacteriostasis average inhibition NS Treatment ortopedici patients bone loss trauma tumor congenital anomaly secondary limited bone regenerative capacity potential complications such as infection Recent advancements tissue engineering means regenerative tissue growth tissue engineering techniques three-dimensional biomateriali mature o progenitor cells shape help guide tissue lopment suitable initial biochimiche characteristics cell distribution biodegradability hinder phenotypic lopment target cells in vitro in vivo linear polymers polylactic acid PLA polyglycolic acid PGA copolimeri PLGA varying properties mechanical strength biocompatibilità degradation pattern Idrossiapatite calcium phosphate ceramic material bone repair surface coating prostics ospite conductive properties longer degradation time bio-materials ability promote bone growth induce immunologic granulomatous brous reaction implant materials polymers Collagen tissue-derived biomateriale Type I collagen major constituent bone skin tendons popular choice tissue-engineering rivestimento Collagen bone graft properties suitable rivestimento mineral deposition ialuronico acid a major constituent extracellulare matrix is a central element hyaline cartilage is found as a soluble component normal joint signicant ability bone mation biocompatibile variable types rivestimento biomatrice material PLGA of biodegradable copolimeri mulated various mechanical degradation properties clinical need materials ability bone mation biocompatibilità history safe suture materials versatility constructing rivestimento A problem PLGA materials acidic environment implant site infiammatoria response consensus tissue engineering Implantation sites ortopedici patients susceptible infection contamination tissue loss local ischemia damaged vascular supplì Decreased penetration antibiotici association blood supply significant problem regenerative surgical procedures biocompatibile cell embedding substances bacterial contamination tissue-engineered graft surrounding wound surgery new connective tissue attachment bone cartilage surgical treatment open fractures likelihood bacterial contamination bone exposed environment Repair open fractures area tissue-engineering techniques accommodating bone loss stripping periospiteum soft tissues local ischemia Local ischemia tissue infarction damaged vascular supply combined hematoma formation promote growth bacteria infection introduction internal hardware risk of infection introduction foreign material body Prevention containment bacterial contamination wound site significativamente improve clinical outcome tissue engineering lopment biomatrix effective rivestimento tissue-engineered cell growth batteriostatiche ideal bio-material use ortopedici surgery significativamente graft survival outcome purpose study evaluate potential batteriostatiche bio-matrix materials growth bacterial patogeni Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis emolitico Streptococco Pseudomonas aeruginosa S aureus S epidermidis frequent cause antibacterial properties wound healing regenerative capability graft collagen type I Helistat Integra Lifesciences Plainsboro New Jersey ialuronico acid Hya-11 Fidia Advanced Biopolymers Abano Terme Italy idrossiapatite Collagraft Zimmer Warsaw Indiana polylactic polyglycolic acid PLGA lactel85/15 polyDL DL-lactideco-glycolide Birmingham Polymers Birmingham Alabama collagen ialuronico acid idrossiapatite commercially available preparations PLGA matrix polyglycolic 15% polylactic acid 200–300lm pore size laboratory Collagraft product mixture porous beads 60% idrossiapatite 40% tricalcium phosphate bovine cartilage Helistat collagen bovine deep tendon purest sources Type I collagen size defect repair 5mm · 5mm · 2mm deep matrix material size samples material weighn order to determine an average weight material weights matrix materials standardize samples collagen 2mg ialuronico acid mg idrossiapatite mg PLGA mg collagen ialuronico acid idrossiapatite sterile manufacturer sterilized irradiation prepared PLGA matrici sterilized initial h 100% etanolo consecutive % etanolo PLGA matrici sterile phosphate saline method sterilization methods sterilization etanolo broth matrici sterile sterile materials individual wells 96-well culture plate Preparation material positive pressure hood contamination material triplicate bacterium Bacterial strains bacteria study S aureus ATCC 29923 S epidermidis ATCC 12228 emolitico Streptococco ATCC 19615 P aeruginosa ATCC 27853 organisms common laboratory organisms susceptibility patterns strains strains grown aerobically 37 blood agar plates BBL Media Becton–Dickinson Microbiology Systems inoculum 15 · 108 organisms per milliliter Mueller–Hinton broth optical density measurement solutions stock solution bacteria species concentration organisms milliliter Experimental setup experiment run in triplicate matrix material bacteria combination material sample inoculated bacterial stock solutions Separate bacterial matrix matrix broth bacteria run microliter samples bacterial plated blood agar plates starting number bacteria milliliter blood agar plates 96-well plates incubated 37_C aerobic conditions 5% CO2 course experiment Determination batteriostatiche activity antimicrobial effect various biomateriali count viable bacteria exposure biomateriali Sample collections experimental cultures made loop used inoculate blood agar plates procedure repeated giving total inoculation sample wells sample stirred sterile loop lawn effect bacteria material samples colony count plates incubated 24h P aeruginosa accurate colony count growth plates surpassed ability count number colony units CFUs number CFUs number organisms millilitre batteriostatiche properties growth sample containing matrix material bacteria bacteria Batteriostatiche inhibition bacterial growth experimental condition Statistical analysis mean three measurements experimental condition outcome value Estimates growth curves statistical analysis regression analysis Growth curves separately bacterial type matrix treatment combination regression possibility linear quadratic term experimental condition bacteria type treatments intercept regression equations model determined graphical examination observed predicted values treatment types correlation calculated P aeruginosa analysis values ability count CFUs bacteria analysis percent growth suppression determined area under growth curves condition compared bacteria end point analysis area under growth curve end-point growth measure rate growth average rate suppression bacteria strains calculated data weighting individual strains bacteria used analysis t test against experimental conditions Statistical significance p<005 Results discussion strains not exposed to matrix exhibited normal growth curves fastest growth rate doubling time approximately 73min slowest growth doubling time approximately no cross-contamination bacteria bacterial cultures viable during period evaluated end analysis matrix no bacteria free of bacterial growth during materials sterile experiment assessment bacterial growth presence matrix materials illustrated materials growth exposure matrix materials exhibited purely bactericidal bacterial strains growth culture varying degrees matrix materials batteriostatiche suppression P aeruginosa time point times growth bacteria ability materials growth bacterial counts cultures matrix materials impacted tissue-engineered grafts integration ospite tissue surface ospite cells surface charge surface morphology chemical structure pH osmotic pressure ionic concentration area surrounding implant microenvironment material surface ospite cells bacteria bacteria implantation batteriostatiche biomateriali partially suppress growth patogeni adequate immune response ospite batteriostatiche biomatrice clinically significant infection construct materials batteriostatiche properties inhibition suppression cellular matrix materials intestinal submucosa urinary bladder submucosa antimicrobial activity density proteins surface bioactive glass antimicrobial activity Porphyromonas gingivalis Actinomyces naeslundii Streptococco mutans Streptococco sanguis timeframes implantation natural defense colonization oral cavity saturation enzyme hyluronate physical enzymatic b-elimination process extracellulare matrix bacterial degradation pneumonia sepsis liquid media cell-associated fractions circulating enzyme bacterial invasion lyase bacteria elevated levels tissue permeability chains sieve spread bacteria calcium phosphate ceramic displayed significant batteriostatiche effects manufacturing processing negatively charged surface adhesion proliferation rate bacteria attributed electrostatic interaction cell surface surface Suppression material charge ions ling material amount material overwhelming number bacteria inoculation Collagen I tissue engineering ability incorporate type I collagen matrix regenerate bone Collagen growth b-emolitico Streptococco S epidermidis mechanism suppression growth S aureus collagen adhesion molecule directed cna gene bacteria PLGA matrici growth bemolitico Streptococco P aeruginosa PLGA acidic environment conducive growth bacteria mechanism suppression S aureus unknown summary ialuronico acid patogeni ortopedici practice PLGA exhibited bacteriostasis actually accelerated growth b-emolitico Streptococco P aeruginosa idrossiapatite collagen batteriostatiche level suppression dependent individual bacteria Selection biomatrice batteriostatiche beneficial promoting tissue-engineered graft survival patients susceptible infection wound contamination tissue loss local ischemia studies time course initial concentrations bacteria bacterial strains including anaerobic bacteria Soluzione satura di tiosolfato di sodio temini statistici varianza tra gruppi varianza entro gruppi<br /><br /><br /> b-catenina espressione Islet1 cellule progenitrici cardiovascolari multipli cardiogenesi Studi recenti Islet1 Isl1 fattore trascrizione omeodominio LIM marca cellule progenitrici cardiovascolari pluripotenti proliferazione sopravvivenza migrazione cellule progenitrici second heart field upstream Isl1 cellule progenitrici cardiovascolari b-catenina espressione Isl1 cellule progenitrici cardiache promotore Isl1 ablazione b-catenina cellule progenitrici Isl1 aspetti multipli cardiogenesi letalità embrionale E13 b-catenina upstream geni arco faringeo tratto di efflusso morfogenesi atriale settale Tbx2 Tbx3 Wnt11 Shh Pitx2 via di segnalazione b-catenina proliferazione sopravvivenza cellule progenitrici cardiache Islet1 Isl1 fattore di trascrizione omeodominio LIM sviluppo cardiaco marcatore cellule progenitrici cardiovascolari pluripotenti in vitro linee cardiomiocita endoteliali muscolo liscio 1-5 Isl1 cellule progenitrici proliferanti second heart field dorsalmente medialmente 4 5 Isl1 proliferazione sopravvivenza migrazione cellule progenitrici cuore formazione second heart field progenitrici first heart field espressione di Isl1 è modulato negativamente downeregulated linee second heart quo avviene la differenziazione La linea second heart include cellule del secondary heart field o delheart field anteriore tratto di efflusso tratto di efflusso ventricolo destro topi privi Isl1 livello embrionale giorno embrionale segmenti secondary heart field efflusso ventricolo destro tessuto atriale Isl1 cellule progenitrici cardiache interno cuori postnatali roditori cellule progenitrici isolate riprodotte differenziate cardiomiociti funzionali cocultura miociti cardiaci neonatali <br /> Isl1 cellula cardiovascol pluripotente coesprime flk1 Nkx25 clonata amplificata cellule staminali embrionali embrioni cloni amplificati tipi cellulari endoteliali muscolo liscio cardiomiocita cellule progenitrici cardiovascolari fattori espressione ruolo chiave segnale canonico via di segnalazione canonica Wnt b-catenina cellule staminali tipi cellulari ruolo segnale via di segnalazione b-catenina cellule staminali progenitrici cardiovascolari induzione mesoderma cardiogenico inibizione via di segnalazione Wnt embrioni pulcino Xenopus antagonisti Wnt Dickkopf1 Crescent endoderma anteriore embrioni pulcino differenziazione mesoderma cardiogenico embrioni rana Dickkopf1 Crescent secreti organizzatore Spemann iniziatori differenziazione cardiaca mesendoderma anteriore secrezione fattore induzione cardiogenico non identificato ablazione b-catenin ricombinasi Cre K19-Cre Cytokeratin19 azionata promoter promoter-driven formazione cuore ectopico ablazione b-catenina tessuti endoderma cardiogenesi Drosophila attivazione via di segnalazione Wnt sistemi colture cellulari cellule staminali embrionali cellule carcinoma embrionale P19 sistemi di colture cellulari requisito spaziale via di segnalazione Wnt requisiti temporali spaziali via di segnalazione canonica Wnt b-catenina cellule progenitrici cardiache Isl1 ricombinasi Cre locus endogeno Isl1 espressione iniziale Isl1-Cre cellule progenitrici cardiogeni nelendoderma faringeo precoce tessuto cardiac-inducing requisito b-catenina tessuti cardiogenesi precoce b-Catenin Islet1 expression cardiovascular progenitors multiple aspects cardiogenesis LIM homeodomain transcription factor Islet1 Isl1 marks pluripotent cardiovascular progenitor cells proliferation survival <br />migration second heart field progenitors Factors upstream of Isl1 in cardiovascular progenitors -catenin Isl1 expression cardiac progenitors Isl1 promoter Ablation -catenin Isl1-expressing progenitors multiple cardiogenesis embryonic lethality E13 -Catenin upstream genes pharyngeal arch outflow tract atrial septal morphogenesis Tbx2 Tbx3 Wnt11<br />Shh Pitx2 proliferation survival cardiac progenitors<br />cardiac morphogenesis cardiac progenitors direct target Isl1<br /> LIM homeodomain transcription factor Islet1 Isl1 cardiac development<br /> marker pluripotent cardiovascular progenitors<br /> cardiomyocyte endolial smooth muscle lineages in vitro Isl1 proliferating undifferentiated progenitors second heart field <br />dorsal medially progenitors forming heart<br /> second heart field later <br />progenitors first heart field Isl1 expression down-regulated<br /> second heart lineages differentiation second heart<br />lineage cells secondary anterior heart field <br /> outflow tract outflow tract right ventricle<br />Isl1-null mice embryonically embryonic<br />day 10 E10 hearts missing segments second<br />heart field outflow tract right ventricle <br />exhibiting severely reduced atrial tissue<br />Isl1 postnatal<br />hearts rodents humans isolated propagated functional<br />cardiomyocytes cocultured neonatal cardiac myocytes<br /> Isl1 <br />pluripotential cardiovascular cell coexpresses flk1 <br />Nkx25 cloned amplified embryonic<br />stem cells embryos amplified clones endothelial smooth muscle cardiomyocyte cell types<br /> pivotal role Isl1 cardiovascular progenitors factors regulate Isl1 expression<br />key role canonical Wnt signalling stem cells cell types signalling cardiovascular stem progenitor cells induction cardiogenic mesoderm response inhibition Wnt signaling anterior endoderm chick embryos cardiogenic mesoderm Spemann’s organizer initiators cardiac differentiation acting anterior mes endoderm secretion Cytokeratin19 promoter-driven Cre K19-Cre recombinase ectopic heart formation ablation -catenin endodermal tissues activation Wnt signaling cardiogenesis Drosophila cell culture systems embryonic stem cells embryonal carcinoma spatial requirement Wnt signaling canonical Wnt signaling -catenin Isl1-expressing cardiac progenitors Cre recombinase expressed control endogenous Isl1 locus early expression Isl1-Cre early pharyngeal endoderm cardiac-inducing tissue early cardiogenesis<br /><br /><br />Incidence surgery conservatively treated patients scoliosis effectiveness bracing effectiveness conservative treatment work conservative treatment education patients techniques brace moulding patients treatment retrospective analysis incidence surgery patients scoliosis aetiology data matched control group intensive inpatient rehabilitation programme moulding techniques Cheneau orthoses high correction untreated control group incidence surgery group curvature SD patients adolescent idiopathic scoliosis incidence diagnosis Statistically incidence significantly incidence surgery control group conservative treatment scoliosis includes outpatient physiotherapy inpatient intensive scoliosis rehabilitation SIR high correction-effect bracing plastercasting reduction rate surgery patients idiopathic scoliosis untreated scoliosis patients conservative treatment scoliosis incidence surgery medical expenses risk repeated operations complications bracing centre USA quality bracing effects primary correction ‘conservative’ treatment effectiveness language barrier beneficial patients strain Germany conservative treatment brace effective progression growth decreasing curvature Hanks et al successful brace treatments USA increase curvature corrective effect orthosis treatment Milwaukee brace ineffective effectiveness braces central Europe corrective effect correlation primary effect treatment of idiopathic scoliosis aid Chêneau brace Lauer compliance primary effect brace main parameters successful brace treatment USA ‘custom made’ corrective effect 50% initial curvature influence prognosis effectiveness conservative treatment scoliosis one-dimensional basis treatment Chêneau brace Germany clinical histories excellent corrective effects favourable outcomes curvatures progression moulding techniques follow-ups strain American way scoliosis treatment Goldberg et al incidence surgery patients adolescent idiopathic scoliosis braced patients non-braced patients statistical point Milwaukee brace untreated patients methodology Goldberg control group retrospective study non-operative treatment scoliosis adolescent scoliosis surgery cosmetic indication treatment conservative route treatment life-style surgical intervention cosmetic results conservative treatment surgical intervention adolescent patients curvatures procedure effectiveness out-patient programme physiotherapy in-patient intensive scoliosis rehabilitation brace treatment scoliosis in-patient rehabilitation SIR SIR individualized exercise programme combining corrective behavioural patterns physiotherapeutic methods exercise programme sensomotor kinestic principles correction asymmetric posture corrected posture first treatment return treatments symptoms prognosis Patients diagnosis evaluation Incidence surgery conservatively treated scoliosis patients Chêneau brace three-dimensional deformity orthopaedic surgeons physical medicine rehabilitation basic human anatomy spinal deformity principles postural balancing psychological support systems correction scoliotic posture proprioceptive exteroceptive stimulation warm-up session patients exercise exteroceptive stimulation correction individual curve patterns patients asymmetric exercises targeted traction torso balance mobility Rice-bag bolsters localized sustained pressure exercises mobilization rib prominences torso lumbar asymmetries Bracing growth velocity curvature pattern curve flexibility Cobb angle conservative methods out-patient physiotherapy in-patient intensive rehabilitation SIR brace treatment Chêneau brace effective incidence surgery patients kinds aetiology incidence surgery conservative management study criteria Curve pattern distribution menarchial status incidence surgery collective Goldberg et al study design aetiology group repeated treatment out-patient questionnaire group average angle of curvature Cobb rehabilitation ° SD angle of curvature distribution pattern curvature Thoracic scoliosis Double major scoliosis Lumbar scolioses Thoracolumbar scolioses surgically treated scoliosis patients intensive SIR statistically highly significant surgical treatment statistical difference one-tailed t-test conservatively treated scoliosis value Milwaukee-braced control group Lonstein Winter control group Noonan et al significance probability of error p t-value diagnosis-matched patient groups adolescent idiopathic scoliosis Goldberg early adolescent idiopathic scoliosis first onset adolescent idiopathic scoliosis subdivision scolioses early beginnings unfavourable course evolution early-onset scolioses collective infantile idiopathic scoliosis juvenile idiopathic scoliosis benign patients adolescent idiopathic scoliosis Goldberg collective no significant differences probability error limit of significance Patients adolescent idiopathic scoliosis incidence surgery kyphoscoliosis incidence surgery patients adolescent idiopathic scoliosis kyphoscoliosis Scoliosis variable condition categories Clinically patients wide spectrum curves school screening programme early detection clinics curves minor magnitude treatment spine centres general orthopaedic surgeons paediatric physicians general practitioners patient sample population natural history population control group outcome bracing Emans et al extent corrective effect Mellerowicz et al research Lauer corrective effect Nachemson Peterson Thulbourne Gillespie progression bracing cosmetic appearance rib hump positively successful course X-ray surgical treatment Bettany et al surgery Collis Ponseti Pehrsson et al Lonstein Winter in-patient intensive rehabilitation programme aetiology scolioses statistical test thoracic double major curves table early-onset scolioses conservative scoliosis treatment statistical statement 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Goldmanc, Allbee Messing www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17498694<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1848865264884293592-681144605905573778?l=traduzioneinglesesassari.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Fromtoenglishnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1848865264884293592.post-68617934253106775152009-02-13T13:57:00.000-08:002009-02-13T13:58:13.701-08:00Parole chiave presenti nei miei lavori tradotti<br /> <br />Physiological Hypertrophy myocardial Cardiac hypertrophy ventricular mass cardiomyocyte adaptive response heart haemodinamic loads physiological stimuli post-natal developmental growth hypertension valvular insufficiency hypertrophy pathological physiological states neurohormonal factors overload mechanical burden heart stretch myocyte induction gene expression cardiac growth factors Insulin-like growth factor 1 IGF1 cardiac growth factor physiological hypertrophy IGF1 pathways developmental myocardial growth hyperplasia increase cell number postnatal growth myocardial mass normal postnatal growth injury stress signals pressure overload hypertension volume overload valvular heart diseases<br />pheypic endpoints quantitative effects on increasing level of constitutive proteins sarcomeric proteins gene program modulating stress signals pheypical characteristics reexpression fetal-type genes cardiac failure beta-myosin heavy chain beta-MHC atrial natriuretic peptide ANF skeletal alpha-actin SkAc interstitial fibrosis cell drop-out inadequate growth cardiac vasculature contractile dysfunction diastolic systolic glycolytic metabolism load cardiac output increasing wall thickness Law of Laplace adaptive response outcome impaired relaxation enhanced cardiac function normal sarcomeric organization a normal pattern of cardiac gene expression interstitial fibrosis cell death vessel growth molecular functional abnormalities pathological hypertrophy myocardial infarction cardiac performance aerobic exercise capacity pathological hypertrophy pathophysiological stpoint major predictor pharmacological genetic blockade pathological cardiac antihypertrophic strategies setting pathological cardiac hypertrophy insulin growth factor 1 IGF1 phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase PI3KAkt pathway end-diastolic volume increase ventricle contraction initial length muscle fiber sensitivity contractile proteins Ca2+ clinical physiologists enlargement output dysfunctional ventricle short-term dinamic dilatation Laplace's Law cardiology heart pathophysiology wall stress directly proportional cavity chamber diameter blood pressure wall stress pressure aortic stenosis normal stress wall thickness concentric hypertrophy load aortic mitral insufficiencies total chamber eccentric-type hypertrophy plasticity sarcomerogenesis individual myocytes sarcomeres cross-sectional area cells elongation myocyte chamber diameter pressure overload hypertrophy concentric eccentric hypertrophy volume overload progression disease pressure chamber is furr offset additional increases in wall thickness hypertrophy becomes compensating eventually manifest heart failure advanced ion hypertrophy biological process mechanical event classical biological feedback loop mechanical signal ion cardiac mass workload equilibrium signal off pathological settings Physiological cardiac hypertrophy Starling curve showing stroke volume end diastolic pressure EDP end diastolic volume EDP linear relationship causes increase stroke volume curve heart failure Laplace formula stress proportional pressure volume ventricle inversely proportional wall thickness pressure volume ventricle wall thickness hypertrophy mechanism weak producing insufficient hypertrophy resultant exuberant reaction pathological forms cardiac hypertrophy adaptive responses stress sustained overload short-term benefit long-term harm uptake oxygen metabolites removal catabolites heat accumulation adverse effects cardiac performance stroke volume contractility oxygen consumption modifications cardiac output skeletal muscle work heart rate contractility metabolic responses exercise Isotonic left internal diameter wall thickness wall thickness eccentric strength-training isometric intramuscular pressure contraction coronary capillaries plasma blood volume expansion chamber volume normal wall stress contractility cardiomyopathy Signaling pathways neurohormonal factors signaling pathways pressure overload IGF1 endolin 1 ET-1 angiotensin II Ang II isotonic exercise cardiac growth factor IGF1 Cardiac sympatic venous arterial arterial blood pressure Enhanced sympatic activity hemorrhagic shock IGF1-PI3K-Akt pathway<br />compensatory mechanisms Hypertrophy myocardial alterations regulation signal transduction pathways transcription factors energy metabolism signaling molecules regulating physiological hypertrophy pheype IGF1-PI3K-Akt pathway signaling molecules IGF1 insulin-like short-term metabolic effects growth factor-like long-term effects cell proliferation differentiation IGF1 tissues liver growth hormone stimulation Interaction IGF1 insulin receptor cylasmic tyrosine kinase activity phosphorylation insulin receptor specific substrates IRS Phosphorylated IRSs src homology 2 SH2 domains PI3K target cells activated PI3K functional effects IGF1 enhanced glucose transport enhanced contractility inhibition programmed cell death apoptosis IGF1 knockout KO mouse models IGF1 receptor IGF1R IGF1R insulin receptor IR PI3KAkt pathway IGF1 transgenic TG mice overexpressing IGF1R myofiber enhanced contractile function Cardiac-specific IR KO mice impaired contractile function wild type WT mice IR KO heart baseline WT 41 insulinIGF1 pathway protective effects Cardiac-specific IGF1 overexpression death fibrosis chronic coronary artery narrowing ex vivo model of ischemia perfusion short-term administration IGF1 animal studies apoptosis clinical trials IGF1 insulin pathway glucose metabolism uptake heart glycolysis glycogen fatty acid utilization PI3K lipid kinase family phosphorylation membrane phosphoinositides PIP PI3K class IA enzymes of heterodimeric complexes consisting catalytic subunit p110-alpha p110-beta p110-delta regulatory subunit p85-alpha p85-beta p55-gamma type activated tyrosine kinase receptors antigen receptors cytokine receptors class IB PI3K enzymes p110-gamma catalytic p101 regulatory subunit activated G-protein coupled receptors GPCRs class II PI3K CII-alpha CIIbeta CII-gamma tyrosine kinase receptors GPCRs integrins chemokines class III PI3K Vps34 PI3Kp110-alpha pathway stimulated receptor tyrosine kinases pathological hypertrophy GPCRinduced PI3Kp110-gamma pathway Overexpression constitutively active PI3Kp110-alpha mutant IGF1R TG mice 50 over-expressing IGF1R co-expression dominant negative PI3Kp110-alpha caPI3Kp110-gamma mutant Akt activity reactivation fetal genes PI3Kp110-alpha signaling GPCRPI3Kp110-gamma pathway PTEN Phosphatase TENsin homologue deleted chromosome 10 PI3K conversion active inositol lipids inactive PTEN KO mice PI3Kp110-alpha PI3Kp110-gamma activity cardiac function depressed negative decreased cAMP level inhibition of adenylate cyclase uncontrolled PI3Kp110-gamma activity whereas effect on cell activation PI3Kp110-alphaAkt pathway deletion PI3Kp110-gamma co-expression dnPI3Kp110- alpha upstream molecules involved activation Akt major signaling pathways protein Akt kinase PKB protein kinase B signal-transduction molecules contractile function angiogenesis Akt IGF1-PI3K-Akt physiological hypertrophy pathway serine threonine kinases I 3 isoforms Akt1-2 downstream targets modulation local responses processes metabolism cell growth differentiation survival contractile function Akt activated IGF1 insulin PI3K resultant phosphorylated PIP pleckstrin domain of Akt translocation cytosol plasma membrane Akt phosphorylation T308 phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 PDK1 activation Akt phosphorylated regulatory phosphorylation site S473 identification kinase putative rapamycin-insensitive complex mammalian target rapamycin mTORC2 mTOR G-beta-LmLTST8 S473 phosphorylation 54 Akt activated dnPI3K TG mice subdomains phosphorylates specific effector targets Akt re-localization cell deactivated dephosphorylation at T308 S473 protein phosphatase 2A PPA2 PH domain leucinerich repeat protein phosphatase PHLPP cardiac-specific mouse models upstream molecules in vivo TG mice specific mutations pleckstrin domain subcellular localizing signals Akt E40K mutant active form Akt T308DS473D mutant activated phosphorylation myocyte overexpression myristilated Akt Akt plasmamembrane activator PDK1 overexpression nucleartargeted non-activated Akt associated contractile function transgene overexpression tetracycline-regulated system myristilated myocardial Akt activity deletion Akt isoform isoforms Akt1 KO mice Akt2 KO insulin resistance Akt3 KO PI3Kp110-alpha PI3Ka dependent pathway transcription genes G-protein coupled receptors GPCR mitogen-activated protein kinase MAPKs pathways cAMP ion Gas G-alpha Gbg G-betagamma protein ICa calcium deletions Akt1Akt2 double- KO mice Akt1Akt3 double- KO in utero cardiomyocytic function striated muscle-specific KO mouse Akt activator PDK1 baseline hypertrophic adaptation physiological stimuli PI3K IGF1R mouse models Dn PI3K TG mice pathological stimulus pressure overload blunted response IGF1R contractio lusitropism calcium transient L-type Ca2+ channel LTCC release sarcoplasmic reticulum SR ryanodine receptor RyR Relaxation reuptake SR ATPase pump SERCA2 fine-tuning of Ca2+ LTCC blockers IcaL PTEN cardiac-specific nuclear-overexpression Akt release uptake association SERCA2 protein nuclear-targeted overexpressed Akt mutant PP1A protein level PKA activity PP1A dephosphorylate PKA phosphorylation site PLB inhibitor of SERCA2 downregulate PP1A Adrenergic signalling Catecholamines neurohumoral factors Catecholamines beta1AR beta2AR subtypes coupled Gproteins beta2AR intracellular signaling Gs Gi proteins beta1AR PI3K Volume overload total protein content pressure overload Mechanisms Akt-induced inhibition GSK-3 kinase GSK-3 shuttling transcription factors NFATs GATA-4 betacatenin eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2B epsilon eIF-2B epsilon ribosomal assembly inhibiting translation Akt GSK-independent mechanisms mammalian target rapamycin mTOR central controller cell growth complex mTOR complex 1 mTORC1 insulin-regulated complex G-beta-LmLST8 G-protein beta-subunit-like protein regulator mTOR kinase activity raptor TSC–Rheb PRAS40 phosphorylated T246 binds 14-3-3 cytosolic anchor protein PRAS40 mTOR mTOR PRAS40-induced negative regulation Active mTORC1 n phosphorylates eukaryotic initiation factor-4E eIF-4E-binding protein 4E-BP1 perm released eIF-4E mRNA 5' cap-binding protein eIF-4G scaffold protein eIF-4A ATP-dependent RNA helicase initiating cap-mRNA-dependent translation rapamycin inhibiting mTOR activation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase S6K mechanism involves S6K phosphorylation Cardiac remodeling mechanisms protein degradation FOXO forkhead box-containing protein O subfamily transcription factors negative regulators FOXO3 proteosomal degradation 1MAFbx muscle-atrophy F-box MuRF1 muscle-specific pathophysiology cardiac hypertrophy inactivation transcription target genes Phosphorylated FOXO translocated to cylasm FOXO1 FOXOs TSC2 mTOR pathway inhibition of Akt activity negative feedback IRS 100 transcription activators FOXOs repressor activity myocardin-related transcription subset genes Akt-mediated downregulation protein degradation hypertrophy proteolysis cardiac function cardiac remodeling ubiquitin proteasome degradation pathway pressure-induced hypertrophy myocardium chemically-mediated inhibition of 26S pressure overload hypertrophy phosphorylation eIF2-alpha downregulation global protein 26S proteasome aberrant proteins myocytes proteasome activation mechanism cardiac atrophy Angiogenesis Cardiac remodeling alterations myocytes extracellular matrix remodeling capillary density spatial rearrangement balance myocardial oxygen processes pathological hypertrophy blood vessels heart thickened heart muscle blood flow myocardium development heart attacks inhibition of vascular endotelial growth factor VEGF pressure overload resulted cardiac hypertrophy promoted progression heart failure TG mice inducible overexpression VEGF abnormal vasculature disruptive edema activation IGF1PI3KAkt pathway physiological setting mechanism action physiological cardiac hypertrophy pro-angiogenic program Akt induction VEGF angiopoietin-2 Ang-2 expression mTORC1-dependent pressure overload TG mice overexpressing active Akt maintained cardiac function VEGF WT longterm Akt activation pathological hypertrophy downregulation mTOR expression VEGF Ang-2 eworthy process of remodelling extracellular matrix proteolytic systems metalloproteinase MMP family upregulation MMPs control mouse models pathways pathological physiological cardiac hypertrophy identified potential targets development of novel therapeutic strategies treatment heart disease IGF1PI3KAkt pathway critical modulating cardiac growth iropicluxotropic function vasculogenesis development physiological hypertrophy mechanisms targets pathway pathways drug discovery selective applications modulating cardiac function Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase G6PD deficiency NA-AION human genetic abnormalities prevalence G6PD-deficient protected ischemic heart cerebrovascular disease retinal vein occlusion frequency nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy ascertain offer protection Erythrocyte G6PD quantitative assay age- gender-matched comparison Multiple logistic regression models controls Differences cases controls statistically significant P Multiple conditional logistic regression analysis covariates hypertension diabetes hypercholesterolemia significantly associated risk OR CI P adjustment hypertension diabetes hypercholesterolemia association statistically significant adjustment systolic diastolic blood pressure plasma glucose cholesterol levels gender significant G6PD-deficient Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase G6PD cytoplasmatic enzyme cells carbon flow pentose phosphate pathway extramitochondrial Nicotine-Adenosine-Dinucleotide Phosphate coenzyme NADPH step glucose-6-phosphate 6-phosphogluconate pentose phosphate pathway erythrocytes defense oxidative G6PD activity NADPH gene encoding G6PD distal long arm X chromosome b Xq28 300 alleles missense point mutation G6PD gene sequence allele associated levels enzyme activity WHO class II prevalence ranges haemolytic anemia deficient phenotype Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy acute optic neuropathy multifactorial disease retinal vein occlusion cardiovascular disease cerebrovascular risk factors systemic hypertension diabetes mellitus sclerosis ischemic heart cerebrovascular occlusion protective effect ischemic disorder optic nerve<br />case-control design controls Sample size confidence level two-tailed test statistical power odds ratio G6PD prevalence rate case-control ratio <br />inclusion criterion case group diagnosis optic nerve edema pallor disc edema characteristic retinal nerve fiber layer conventional automated visual field examination ophthalmic evaluation best corrected visual acuity BCVA slit-lamp examination applanation fundus biomicroscopy fluoroscein angiography automated visual field examination Humphrey Field Analyzer test Visual fields types systemic hypertension diabetes mellitus hypercholesterolemia cardio- cerebrovascular status presence of angina myocardial infarction transient ischemic attacks stroke Exclusion criteria neurological systemic ocular disorder optic disc edema visual impairment<br />Two age- gender-matched controls case selected cataract register Exclusion criteria AION retinal vein occlusion retinal artery occlusion ophthalmic evaluation BCVA slit-lamp examination applanation tonometry fundus examination Medical conditions including systemic hypertension diabetes mellitus hypercholesterolemia cardio- cerebrovascular status presence angina myocardial infarction transient ischemic attacks stroke Controls recruited concurrently recruitment period<br />Definitions of systemic hypertension diabetes tenets Declaration of Helsinki consent inclusion<br />Red blood cell G6PD activity quantitative assay G6PD 6PGD Quantitative testing routinely <br />Categorical values Chi-square test differences cases controls quantitative variables analyzed Student’s t test Multivariate logistic regression models covariates age gender known risk factors systemic hypertension diabetes mellitus hypercholesterolemia significance of association Multivariate analyses adjustment systolic diastolic blood pressure plasma glucose cholesterol levels Odd ratios ORs confidence intervals CIs calculated P values study group consisted mean age ± eye visual acuity intraocular pressure glaucoma eye movements visual loss recovery vision Automated visual field examination altitudinal field eyes cecocentral defect broad arcuate scotomas nasal depression systemic characteristic levels of plasma glucose systemic hypertension diabetes angina myocardial infarction transient ischemic attacks stroke systolic diastolic blood pressure plasma cholesterol significantly higher frequency hypercholesterolemia significantly lower frequency control subjects Enzyme deficiency hemizygotes homozygote drug-induced hemolysis <br />Multiple logistic regression results multiple conditional analysis systemic hypertension diabetes hypercholesterolemia ORs NA- AION significantly associated risk vascular disorder model hypercholesterolemia hypertension diabetes significantly associated increased risk NA- AION<br />Even adjustment coning factors hypertension diabetes hypercholesterolemia association statistically significant gender significant association analyses adjusted systolic diastolic blood pressure plasma glucose cholesterol levels Adjustment factors continuous variables produced hypertension diabetes hypercholesterolemia NA- AION categorized gender lack of association NA- AION G6PD-deficient female population significantly risk of less risk non-significant corroborate earlier reports associating hypercholesterolemia<br />enzyme deficiency humans estimated highly correlated distribution current past malaria endemicity balanced polymorphism resistance infection falciparum malaria<br />sudden visual loss circulatory insufficiency optic nerve head systemic conditions decrease optic nerve head perfusion microvascular occlusion reduced perfusion pressure marked nocturnal arterial hypotension particularly anomalous optic disc NA- AION mechanical obstruction axoplasmatic flow microvascular compression optic disc edema <br />arteritic AION giant cell arteritis infiltration short posterior ciliary arteries ischemic necrosis of prelaminar laminar retrolaminar portions optic nerve exact pathophysiology rapid onset stable course poor recovery association vascular risk factors vascular cause pathogenetic impairment optic disc circulation exacerbated structural nerve supporting structures nerve head inadequate oxygenation ischemia axonal swelling microvascular compression ischemia progressive nerve damage Nocturnal systemic hypotension ischemia case-control study significantly higher levels plasma cholesterol significantly higher frequency of hypercholesterolemia multiple conditional analysis hypercholesterolemia significantly associated increased risk consistent earlier studies suggesting hypercholesterolemia well-known risk factor coronary heart disease Hypercholesterolemia damage small blood vessels impairing endolial vasodilator function interfering nitric oxide NO potent vasodilator antiarogenic effects<br />levels of systolic diastolic blood pressure than control subjects rates systemic hypertension multiple conditional analysis association systemic hypertension result in agreement <br />Multiple conditional logistic regression analysis revealed significantly associated risk adjustment systemic hypertension diabetes hypercholesterolemia association remained statistically significant Similar results obtained adjusting systolic or diastolic blood pressure plasma glucose cholesterol levels thus demonstrating association is indeed robust gender lack of association protective effect retinal vein occlusion G6PD-deficient susceptible ocular vascular disorders<br />heterozygous protection retinal vein occlusion hemizygous G6PD-deficient erytrocytes X chromosome hemizygous deficient erythrocytes<br />risk factors vascular disease control group cataract surgery selection bias frequency susceptibility cataract genetically homogeneous<br />cholesterol cell growth has plasma intracellular cholesterol metabolism esterification G6PD-deficient esterify cholesterol arteries progression sclerotic process posterior ciliary arteries normal autoregulatory mechanisms optic nerve head vasculature prelaminar region risk levels NO glutathione physiological scavenger NO factor occurrence vascular diseases G6PD- deficient NO S-nitrosocysteine vasodilators scavenger of superoxide radicals toxicity preventing oxidation of low-density lipoproteins platelet aggregation leukocyte adhesion vascular smooth muscle proliferation ionplatelet aggregation release platelet serotonin ischemic optic nerve damage vasoconstriction impairment autoregulation vascular disorders G6PD-<div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1848865264884293592-6861793425310677515?l=traduzioneinglesesassari.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Fromtoenglishnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1848865264884293592.post-38615492671617540982008-10-18T12:19:00.000-07:002008-10-18T12:30:36.807-07:00 <br />...si tratta solo di una piccola - molto, molto, molto piccola - rassegna degli articoli scientifici che ho tradotto in oltre dieci anni di attività. Questi danno un quadro della varietà e del tipo degli argomenti trattati: <br /> <br />FARMACIA/MEDICINA <br /> <br />Decompensation of Cardiac Hypertrophy: Cellular Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutic Targets <br />Abhinav Dinav and Gerald W. Dorn II Center for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 1548-9213/05 8.00 ã 2006 Int. Union Physiol. Sci./Am. Physiol. Soc. <br />Physiology 22: 56-64, 2007; 10.1152/physiol.00033.2006 <br />Cardiac hypertrophy leads to heart failure, and both conditions can ultimately prove lethal. Here, traditional and novel mechanisms relating hypertrophy and heart failure are described at the physiological, cellular, and molecular levels. The rational application of these mechanistic considerations to therapeutics targeting hypertrophy and heart failure is discussed. <br /> <br /> <br />A Dominant Role of Cardiac Molecular Motors in the Intrinsic Regulation <br />of Ventricular Ejection and Relaxation Molecular motors housed in myosins of the thick filament react with thin-filament actins and promote force and shortening in the sarcomeres. However, other actions of these motors sustain sarcomeric-activation bycooperative feedback mechanisms in which the actin-myosin interaction promotes thin-filament activa, ton. Mechanical feedback also affects the actin-myosin interaction. We discuss current concepts of how these reiativety under-appreciated actions of rnoiecular motors are responsible for modulation of the ejection time and isovolumic relaxation in the beating heart. <br />Aaron C. Hinken and R. John Solaro, Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Center for Cardiovascular Reseach, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois <br />1548-9213/05 8.00 ã 2006 Int. Union Physiol. Sci./Am. Physiol. Soc. <br />Physiology 22: 73-80, 2007; 10.1152/physiol.00043.2006 <br /> <br />Adiuvante and Neoadiuvante Radiotherapy and Concurrent Radiochemotherapy for Rectal Cancer, Rolf SAUER, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Erlangen, Germany <br />PATHOLOGY ONCOLOGY RESEARCH <br />Vol 8, No 1, 2002 Article is available online at http://www.webio.hu/por/2002/8/l/0007 <br /> <br />Effectiveness of Treatment with a Brace in Girls Who Have Adolescent Idiopathic ScoliosisA Prospective, Controlled Study Based on Data from the Brace Study of the Scoliosis Research Society by Alf L. Nachemson and LE Peterson <br />The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, American Volume, Volume 77-A. NO.6 June 1005 <br /> <br />La spalla invalida del lanciatore: spettro della patologia <br />Parte prima: patoanatomia e biomeccanica <br /> <br />PRINCIPI DI RIABILITAZIONE FUNZIONALE <br /> <br /> <br />Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis : The effect of brace treatment on the incidence of surgery GOLDBERG C. J. (1) ; MOORE D. P. (1) ; FOGARTY E. E. (1) ; DOWLING F. E. (1) ; (1) Children's Research Centre and Orthopaedic Department, Our Lady's Hospital for Sick Children, Dublin, IRELAND <br />Spine ISSN 0362-2436 CODEN SPINDD <br />2001, vol. 26, no1, pp. 42-47 (36 ref.) <br />Lippincott, Hagerstown, MD, ETATS-UNIS (1976) (Revue) <br /> <br />Scoliosis ; Idiopathic ; Adolescent ; Orthopedic brace ; Treatment ; Preoperative ; Epidemiology ; Incidence ; Prognosis ; Orthopedic surgery ; Spine ; Human ; Diseases of the osteoarticular system ; Spine disease ; Deformation ; Orthopedic treatment ; Public health ; <br /> <br />Preliminary evaluation of the marginal seal of a compomer, Dentistry Tomorrow <br /> <br />PSICOLOGIA <br /> <br />Mechanisms of verbal memory impairment in four neurodevelopmental disorders. <br />Nichols S, Jones W, Roman MJ, Wulfeck B, Delis DC, Reilly J, Bellugi U. <br />Department of Neurosciences, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC-0935, San Diego, CA 92093-0935, USA. <br /> <br />Frog, where are you? Narratives in children with specific language impairment, early focal brain injury, and Williams syndrome <br />REILLY Judy (1 2) ; LOSH Molly (3) ; BELLUGI Ursula (4) ; WULFECK Beverly (5) ; <br />(1) San Diego State University, USA(2) Université de Poitiers, FRANCE(3) San Diego State University and University of California, Berkeley, USA(4) The Salk Institute, Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, La Jolla, CA, USA(5) School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA <br /> <br />Brain and language ISSN 0093-934X CODEN BRLGAZ <br />2004, vol. 88, no 2 (93 p.) [Document : 19 p.] (1 p.1/2), pp. 229-247 [19 page(s) (article)] <br />Elsevier, San Diego, CA, ETATS-UNIS (1974) (Revue) <br />Central nervous system disease ; Nervous system diseases ; Human ; Preadolescent ; Child ; Cognition ; Language development ; Narrative ; Plasticity ; Comparative study ; Williams syndrome ; Specific language disorder ; Cerebral disorder ; <br /> <br /> <br />Mechanisms of verbal memory impairment in four neurodevelopmental disorders <br />Sharon Nichols, Wendy Jones, Mary J. Roman, Beverly Wulfeck, Dean C. Delis, Judy Reilly, and Ursula Bellugi <br />Department of Neurosciences, University of Calilbrnia, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC-(1935, San Diego, CA 92093-(1935, USA <br />" Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA ` Open Gates Dyslexia Program, University q/ Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA d School of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, San Diego State University and Center for Research in Language. University n/' Cali/brnia, San Diego, CA, USA ` Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, La Jolla, CA, USA f San Diego State University, Sail Diego, CA, USA <br />Available online at www.sciencedirect.com www.elsevier.com/locate/b&l <br />Keywords: Verbal learning; Verbal memory; Developmental disorders; Brain lesions; Specific language impairment; Williams Syndrome; Down Syndrome <br />Moving in a Fog: Stimulus contrast affects the perceived speed and direction of motion <br /> <br />Il movimento nella nebbia: il contrasto dello stimolo influenza la velocità e direzione percepite del movimento <br /> <br />Sindrome di Williams (WS) <br />Ricordo probed seriale[-1] nella sindrome di Williams: <br />le influenze lessicali sulla memoria fonologica a breve termine <br />Meccanismi del deterioramento della memoria verbale in quattro disturbi dello sviluppo neurologico <br /> <br />Meccanismi del deterioramento della memoria verbale in quattro disturbi dello sviluppo neurologico <br />Keywords: Bates, disturbo specifico di linguaggio (SLI), Sindrome di Williams (WMS), Sindrome di Down (DS), California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), <br /> <br />SCIENZE BIOLOGICHE <br /> <br />Effects of marine protected areas on recruitment processes with special reference to Mediterranean littoral ecosystems <br />PLANES S. (1) ; GALZIN R. (1) ; GARCIA RUBIES A. (2) ; GONI R. (3) ; HARMELIN J.-G. (4) ; LE DIREACH L. (5) ; LENFANT P. (1) ; QUETGLAS A. (3) ; <br />(1) EPHE-URA CNRS 1453, Université de Perpignan, 66860 Perpignan, FRANCE(2) Departemento de Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Univestidad de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, ESPAGNE(3) IEO-Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente,, s/n 07015 Palma de Mallorca, ESPAGNE(4) COM-UMR 6540, Université Aix-Marseille II, Station Marine d'Endoume, 13007 Marseille, FRANCE(5) GIS Posidonie et COM-UMR 6540, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, FRANCE <br />Environmental conservation ISSN 0376-8929 CODEN EVCNA4 <br />2000, vol. 27, no2, pp. 126-143 (5 p.1/4) <br />Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, ROYAUME-UNI (1974) (Revue) <br />Keywords <br />Life cycle ; Population recruitment ; Larva ; Egg ; Dispersion ; Nursery (animal) ; Interspecific relation ; Multivariate analysis ; Mediterranean Sea ; Review ; Reserve effect ; Marine environment ; Environmental protection ; <br /> <br />Effetti delle aree marine protette sui processi di reclutamento con particolare riferimento agli ecosistemi litoranei mediterranei <br /> <br />Stressful ‘‘memories’’ of plants: Evidence and <br />possible mechanisms <br />Toby J.A. Bruce *, Michaela C. Matthes, <br />Johnathan A. Napier, John A. Pickett <br />Department of Biological Chemistry, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom <br />Please cite this article in press as: T.J.A. Bruce, et al., Stressful ‘‘memories’’ of plants: Evidence and possible mechanisms, Plant Sci. (2007), doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2007.09.002 <br /> <br />Keywords: Memory; Stress imprint; Biotic and abiotic stresses; Epigenetic change; Priming <br /> <br /> <br />MEDICINA <br /> <br />Dispositivi per la riparazione del menisco: un esame della letteratura clinica e miomeccanica <br /> <br />Incidenza di intervento chirurgico in pazienti con scoliosi trattati in maniera conservativa <br /> <br />Superiorità dei busti di Chêneau per pazienti con scoliosi idiopatica (IS, Idiopathic Scoliosis ) <br /> <br />Attendibilità intra-osservatore di una nuova classificazione che mette in correlazione/è in correlazione con il trattamento con busto <br /> <br />Effetto della gestione conservativa sulla prevalenza della chirurgia in pazienti con scoliosi idiopatica adolescenziale <br /> <br />Strenght training increases insulin-mediated glucose uptake, GLUT4 content, and insulin signalling in skeletal muscle in patient with type 2 diabetes <br />Tacrolimus e pimecrolimus: da procarioti intelligenti all’inibizione della calcineurina ed al trattamento della dermatite atopica <br /> <br />Physiological myocardial hypertrophy: how and why? <br /> <br />La resistenza multifarmaco (MDR) <br />Immunomodulatori macrolattamici per il trattamento topico delle malattie infiammatorie della cute <br /> <br /> <br />Preliminary evaluation of the marginal seal of a compomer. <br /> <br />Effect of conservative management on the prevalence of surgery in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis <br /> <br />Incidence of surgery in conservatively treated patients with scoliosis <br /> <br />Un approccio per la progettazione razionale di nuovi agenti antitubercolosi <br />Inibitori della resistenza multifarmaco <br /> <br />Tubercolosi: la malattia e l’epidemiologia <br /> <br />Immunomodulatori macrolattamici per il trattamento topico delle malattie infiammatorie della cute <br /> <br />Cardiovascular Risk Factors Predictive for Survival and Morbidity-Free Survival in the Oldest-Old Framingham Heart Study <br />Participants Dellara F. Terry, MD, MPH; Michael J. Pencina, PhD; Ramachandran S. Vasan, MD; Joanne M. Murabito, MD, ScM; Philip A. Wolf, MD; Margaret Kelly Hayes, EdD, RN; Daniel Levy, MD; Ralph B. D'Agostino, PhD; Emelia J. Benjamin, MD, ScM <br /> <br />Le cellule interstiziali di Cajal <br /> <br />Diagnosi immunologica della tubercolosi: studio retrospettivo <br />Hybrid layer, odontoiatria <br />Etica: problematiche di comportamento clinico <br />Anatomo-histopathological and histometric survey of verminous arteritis caused by Strongylus vulgaris in naturally infected horses in Sardinia (Italy) <br />Incidence of surgery in conservatively treated patients with scoliosis <br />HANS-RUDOLF WEISS, GRITA WEISS and <br />HANS-JÜRGEN SCHAAR <br />PEDIATRIC REHABILITATION, APRIL–JUNE 2003, VOL. 6, NO. 2, 111–118 <br />Pediatric Rehabilitation ISSN 1363–8491 print/ISSN 1464–5270 online # 2003 Taylor & Francis Ltd <br />http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals <br />DOI: 10.1080/13638490310001593446 <br /> <br />Keywords Idiopathic scoliosis, brace treatment, physiotherapy, <br />inpatient intensive rehabilitation <br />described in literature. Conclusions: The conservative treatment <br />of scoliosis (which includes outpatient physiotherapy, <br />inpatient intensive scoliosis rehabilitation (SIR) and highcorrection- <br /> <br />Effect of conservative management on the prevalence of surgery in patients <br />with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis <br />M. RIGO, CH. REITER and H.-R. WEISS <br />PEDIATRIC REHABILITATION, 2003, VOL. 6, NO. 3–4, 209–214 <br />Pediatric Rehabilitation ISSN 1363–8491 print/ISSN 1464–5270 online # 2003 Taylor & Francis Ltd <br />http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals <br />DOI: 10.1080/13638490310001642054 <br /> <br />Keywords Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, physical therapy, <br />brace treatment, Rigo-System Chêneau brace, scoliosis <br />surgery <br /> <br />TO ERR (MEIOTICALLY) IS HUMAN: THE GENESIS OF HUMAN ANEUPLOIDY <br />Terry Hassold and Patricia Hunt <br />280 APRIL 2001 VOLUME 2 www.nature.com/reviews/genetics <br />© 2001 Macmillan Magazines Ltd <br /> <br />The chromosome number in humans: a brief history <br />Stanley M. Gartler <br />NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS VOLUME 7 AUGUST 2006 655 <br />© 2006 Nature Publishing Group <br /> <br />International conference on conservative <br />management of spinal deformities <br />Barcelona 23–24 January 2004 <br />PROGRAM CHAIRMAN MANUEL RIGO, M.D. <br />Etiology of Idiopathic Scoliosis –Do psychological <br />issues contribute? <br />Weiss HR, ElObeidi N <br />Asklepios Katharina Schroth Klinik; Korczakstr. 2 <br />D-55566 Bad Sobernheim, Germany <br />PEDIATRIC REHABILITATION, 2004, VOL. 7, NO. 1, 51–64 <br />Pediatric Rehabilitation ISSN 1363–8491 print/ISSN 1464–5270 online # 2004 Taylor & Francis Ltd <br />http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals <br />DOI: 10.1080/13638490310001654736 <br /> <br />HUMAN CYTOGENETICS: 46 CHROMOSOMES, 46 YEARS AND COUNTING, Barbara J. Trask, © 2002 Nature Publishing Group NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS VOLUME 3 OCTOBER 2002 769 <br /> <br />Down syndrome and genetics — a case of linked histories <br />David Patterson and Alberto C. S. Costa <br />NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS VOLUME 6 FEBRUARY 2005 137 <br />© 2005 Nature Publishing Group <br /> <br />An evolutionary view of human recombination <br />Graham Coop and Molly Przeworski <br />NATURE REVIEWS GENETICS VOLUME 8 JANUARY 2007 23 <br />© 2007 Nature Publishing Group <br /> <br /> <br />Gene conversion: mechanisms, evolution and human disease <br />Jian-Min Chen, David N. Cooper, Nadia Chuzhanova, Claude Férec and <br />George P. Patrinos <br />762 OcTOBeR 2007 vOlume 8 www.nature.com/reviews/genetics © 2007 Nature Publishing Group <br /> <br />La resistenza multifarmaco (MDR) <br />Keywords: Proteine transporter PGP e MRPl, PGP, mdrl, mdr2, mdr3, mdr e mdr2, pgp1, pgp2, pgp3, MDR1, MDR2, <br />Serodiagnostic Potential of Culture Filtrate Antigens <br />of Mycobacterium tuberculosis <br />K. M. SAMANICH,1 M. A. KEEN,2 V. D. VISSA,2 J. D. HARDER,2 J. S. SPENCER,2 <br />J. T. BELISLE,2 S. ZOLLA-PAZNER,1,3 AND S. LAAL1,3* <br />Department of Pathology, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York 100161; Department of <br />Microbiology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 805232; and Research Center for <br />AIDS and HIV Infection, VA Medical Center, New York, New York 100103 <br />CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY, <br />July 2000, p. 662–668 Vol. 7, No. 4 <br /> <br />Physiological myocardial hypertrophy: how and why? <br />Daniele Catalucci1,2, Michael VG Latronico2, Oyvind Ellingsen3,4, Gianluigi Condorelli1,2 <br />1Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, <br />2Science and Technology Pole, IRCCS MultiMedica Hospital, Via Fantoli 16/15, 20100, Milan, Italy, 3Department of Circulation <br />and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, 4Department of Cardiology, St. <br />Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway <br />[Frontiers in Bioscience 13, 312-324, January 1, 2008] <br /> <br />Progettazione razionale di nuovi agenti antitubercolari basata sulle vie biosintetiche degli acidi micolici <br />Keywords: Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium africanum, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Isoniazide (INH), rifampicina (RIF), pirazinamide (PZA), streptomicina (SM) etambutolo (EMB) <br /> <br />Diagnosi immunologica della tubercolosi: studio retrospettivo <br />Keywords: diagnosi della tubercolosi (TB), batteri acid-fast, antigeni micobatterici; test sierologici, Mycobacterium tubercolosis infezione latente attiva <br /> <br /> <br />TECNOLOGIA <br /> <br />RURAL WINS ROADMAP IST-2001-39107 <br />BROADBAND SOLUTIONS AND APPLICATIONS <br />FOR RURAL AREAS AND MARITIME REGIONS <br />Ms. Leire Aginako, info@ruralwins.org <br />EUSKALTEL S.A. (Spain) <br />EFITA 2003 Conference 5-9. July 2003, Debrecen, Hungary <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />FARMACIA <br /> <br />Immunomodulatori macrolattamici per il trattamento topico delle malattie infiammatorie della cute <br />Keywords: macrolattami immunomodulatori, Tacrolimus (FK506), ascomicina ASM981, pimecrolimus, citochina, interleuchina 2, rapamicina, FK506, Ciclosporina, interleuchina 2, cellule T, ASM 981, Streptomyces bygroscopiscus, ascomyceticus, Sirolimus, <br /> <br />GIURISPRUDENZA – DIRITTO ROMANO <br />TIM J. CORNELL, SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE «CRIMEN INCESTI» University College London, June 1978 <br /> <br />LETTERATURA <br /> <br />Simmetrie di chiusura in Quer Pasticciaccio di Gadda Federica Pedriali, Gli occhi del Lazio,: Symmetries of closure in Gadda <br /> <br />VARIE <br /> <br />Ansa tedesca (Hansa Teutonicorum, dudesche Hense) <br /> <br />On Conditionals <br />Dorothy Edgington <br />Mind, New Series, Vol. 104, No. 414. (Apr., 1995), pp. 235-329. <br />Stable URL: <br />http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0026-4423%28199504%292%3A104%3A414%3C235%3AOC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-1 <br /> <br />SCIENZE BIOLOGICHE <br /> <br />Effects of marine protected areas on recruitment processes with special reference to Mediterranean littoral ecosystems <br />PLANES S. (1) ; GALZIN R. (1) ; GARCIA RUBIES A. (2) ; GONI R. (3) ; HARMELIN J.-G. (4) ; LE DIREACH L. (5) ; LENFANT P. (1) ; QUETGLAS A. (3) ; <br />(1) EPHE-URA CNRS 1453, Université de Perpignan, 66860 Perpignan, FRANCE(2) Departemento de Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Univestidad de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal, 645, 08028 Barcelona, ESPAGNE(3) IEO-Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, Muelle de Poniente,, s/n 07015 Palma de Mallorca, ESPAGNE(4) COM-UMR 6540, Université Aix-Marseille II, Station Marine d'Endoume, 13007 Marseille, FRANCE(5) GIS Posidonie et COM-UMR 6540, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille, FRANCE <br />Environmental conservation ISSN 0376-8929 CODEN EVCNA4 <br />2000, vol. 27, no2, pp. 126-143 (5 p.1/4) <br />Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, ROYAUME-UNI (1974) (Revue) <br />Keywords <br />Life cycle ; Population recruitment ; Larva ; Egg ; Dispersion ; Nursery (animal) ; Interspecific relation ; Multivariate analysis ; Mediterranean Sea ; Review ; Reserve effect ; Marine environment ; Environmental protection ; <br /> <br />RELAZIONI INTERNAZIONALI <br /> <br />L’amministrazione Johnson e il conflitto arabo-israeliano [per tesi di laurea] <br /> <br />VETERINARIA <br /> <br />CCR7 is required for the in vivo function <br />of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells <br />Martin A. Schneider,1 Josef G. Meingassner,1 Martin Lipp,2 <br />Henrietta D. Moore,1 and Antal Rot1 <br />1Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, A1235 Vienna, Austria <br />2Department of Molecular Tumor Genetics and Immunogenetics, Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, <br />D13125 Berlin, Germany <br /> <br />The Journal of Experimental Medicine <br />JEM © The Rockefeller University Press <br />Vol. 204, No. 4, April 16, 2007 735–745 www.jem.org/cgi/doi/10.1084/jem.20061405 <br /> <br />Se hai bisogno di traduzioni professionali e tecniche da e verso l'inglese contattami. Se è possibile mandami in allegato il documento che desideri tradurre di modo che possa fare un preventivo. <br />Se desideri ricevere un servizio amichevole e disponibile, eccomi qua! :-) <br /><div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1848865264884293592-3861549267161754098?l=traduzioneinglesesassari.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Fromtoenglishnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1848865264884293592.post-72261133178416755922008-10-08T14:12:00.000-07:002008-10-08T14:13:33.096-07:00Hai bisogno di traduzioni? <br />Traduzioni dall’inglese all’italiano, sia letterarie che scientifico/tecniche. Traduzioni da libri e manuali tecnici. Ricerche tematiche su Internet. Esperienza decennale. Collaborazione con casa editrice internazionale, con i più alti standard di qualità di lavoro. Responsabile nazionale per la traduzione e revisione di tutti i testi ufficiali per conto della sede italiana di un’associazione internazionale sui diritti umani. <div class="blogger-post-footer"><img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/1848865264884293592-7226113317841675592?l=traduzioneinglesesassari.blogspot.com' alt='' /></div>Fromtoenglishnoreply@blogger.com